ANTIBODIES TO MICROBIAL ANTIGENS AND CYTOKINES IN THE CELLS OF THE PALATINE TONSILS AND SERUM OF CHILDREN WITH PALATINE TONSILS HYPERTROPHY AND CHRONIC TONSILLITIS.

OBJECTIVE: The aim: The aim of the study is to compare the class G antibody content in serum and tissue lysate from tonsils of children with hypertrophy and chronic tonsillitis to: streptolysin-O of Str. haemolyticus, protein-A of S. aureus, proteoglycans of Klebsiela spp., as well as to compare the content of interleukins 1ß, 10, TNF-α, γ-IFN and lactoferrin in serum and tissue lysate from tonsils of children with hypertrophy and chronic tonsillitis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: We studied tonsils of 33 children aged 4-18 years with hypertrophy of palatine tonsils (HPT) and with chronic tonsillitis (CT). The content of interleukins 1ß, 10, TNF-α, γ-IFN and lactoferrin in tonsil lysate and serum was determined by immunofluorescence assay. Antistreptolysin O was studied by neutralization test of micromethod; class G antibodies to protein A of S. aureus and proteoglycans of Klebsiela spp. were studied by treponema pallidum hemagglutination assay. All the results were statistically processed using U-test (Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon test) and Fisher's z-transformation. RESULTS: Results: The serum and tissue lysate from tonsils of patients with HPT showed significantly high level of antibodies to streptolysin O in comparison with similar studies of substrates from patients with CT. Anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was detected only in the serum of patients with CT. The TNF-α concentration in the lysates of tonsils in the group of patients with HPT was 2 times higher than in the group of patients with CT. The γ-IFN concentration was significantly lower both in the serum and in the lysates of tonsils of patients with CT. The content of lactoferrin in the lysates of patients with CT was 3 times higher (P<0.05) than in the lysates of patients with HPT. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The results indicate a significant difference in the state of antibodies to microbial antigens and cytokines production in case of HPT and CT. In tonsils with HPT, there predominate reactions of antibody production to bacterial antigens and antiviral reactions like a high-level cytokines TNF-α and γ-IFN in tissue lysate of palatine tonsils.

Cytokine and immunoglobulin spectra of tissue extracts from tonsils of children with hypertrophy and chronic tonsillitis.

OBJECTIVE: The aim: To compare the content of α and γ-interferons, interleukins 1ß ,4, 10, IgA, IgG, as well as the level of the general forms of immune complexes in tissue extracts from tonsils of children with hypertrophy and chronic tonsillitis. RESULTS: Results: In tissue extracts from tonsils with CT, there is a predominance of inflammation factors, potential sensitization, and the development of immunopathological reactions. The presence of inflammation is indicated by elevated levels of interleukin-1ß, immunoglobulin G. High levels of interleukin-4 may indicate that both HPT and CT have a tendency to increase sensitization to microbial and other antigens. CONCLUSION: Conclusion: The results indicate a significant difference in the qualitative and quantitative state of inflammation factors and allergy in case of HPT and CT. In tonsils with CT, there predominate both simple and allergic inflammations, as well as immunopathological reactions.

Integral scoring scale as a basis for an objective assessment of the state of patients with chronic tonsillitis and the effectiveness of their treatment.

OBJECTIVE: Introduction: Currently, the methods of integrated assessment of patient's condition based on scoring of separate multidirectional changes in subjective clinical and objective laboratory parameters are used in medical science more and more often. The aim: Based on the identified differences in clinical manifestations and immunological indicators of patients of different age with chronic tonsillitis and patients with no signs of ENT pathology, to develop an integral scoring scale as a basis for an objective assessment of the state of patients with CT and the effectiveness of their treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The clinical signs and immunological factors were evaluated. Patient's general information, such as age, the presence of allergies, was also taken into account. Based on the analysis of the data array, a scoring system for assessing the clinical and immunological state of patients was proposed. RESULTS: Results: The abnormalities in clinical and immunological assessment in adult population with no signs of ENT pathology (control group) are 2.75 times higher than in healthy children, while in case of chronic tonsillitis the differences between children and adults in terms of integral abnormalities are 1.66 (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Integral scoring assessment of clinical and immunological tests makes it possible to provide more objective evaluation of the state of lymphoid tissue of tonsils and the immunity in patients with chronic tonsillitis, which may become an objective basis for choosing patient management strategy, as well as for estimating treatment efficacy.