ABSTRACT
Synopsis Alkaline products are commonly used in cosmetic preparations as neutralizing agents for acid-functional raw materials. Primary alkanolamines can provide positive attributes in such cases. The properties of nitroparaffin-derived primary alkanolamines are compared here with the general requirements for cosmetic-type acid-neutralizing materials. Acid-functional copolymers, used as hair fixatives in both aerosol and non-aerosol products, are efficiently solubilized by neutralization with 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (amino-methylpropanol) in a variety of aqueous and non-aqueous systems. The effects of such neutralization on resultant film properties which influence product performance are discussed in detail. Upon neutralization, crosslinked acrylic-acid polymers of varying molecular weights (carbomers) provide significant benefits when used as thickeners, gellants or emulsifiers in cosmetic products. New data are added to previous knowledge on the use of tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (tromethamine) as a neutralizing agent for three resins, especially in gelled formulations. Alcohol compatibility, pH behaviour, and viscosity characteristics of such formulations are described. In addition, toxicological considerations of primary alkanolamines are addressed. Further to the above applications, nitroparaffin-derived primary alkanolamines can be effectively used as cosmetic emulsifiers (in the form of their fatty-acid soaps), dispersants or co-dispersants for particulate-containing products, and pH buffers/stabilizers.
ABSTRACT
Conventional adhesive ointments cause irritation to the mucous membranes. Therefore, a novel mucosal adhesive ointment based partly on neutralized polymethacrylic acid methyl ester was formulated. The flow curves of the ointment vehicle showed pseudoplastic properties. The rheological behavior as well as the adhesion on the mucosal membrane could be varied by the type and concentration of the polymer used and the base used for neutralization. During clinical studies, the ointment vehicle as well as a tretinoin (vitamin A acid) preparation for the treatment of lichen planus did not cause any local irritation or systemic side effects. Both vehicle and preparation were found to be pleasant for the patients to use. The new system of the mucosal adhesive ointment is not limited to the incorporation of tretinoin as the active agent; combined with other drugs the system could be applied to all types of mucosal membranes.
Subject(s)
Methylmethacrylates , Mucous Membrane/drug effects , Ointment Bases , Pharmaceutic Aids , Adhesiveness , Adolescent , Adult , Drug Stability , Female , Humans , Male , Methylmethacrylates/toxicity , Mouth Mucosa/drug effects , Ointment Bases/toxicity , Pharmaceutic Aids/toxicity , Rheology , Skin Tests , Time Factors , Tretinoin/administration & dosage , ViscosityABSTRACT
A novel mucosal adhesive ointment on the base of partly neutralized polymethacrylic acid methyl ester (Eudispert) was formulated. The flow curves of the ointment show a pseudoplastic quality without any thixotropic effect. The viscosity depended on the kind and concentration of the base. During the clinical studies the pure ointment as well as a tretinoin-preparation for a lichen planus treatment showed no local irritation, good mucosal adhesion and suitable way of application for the patients.
