"Not being able to talk was horrid": A descriptive, correlational study of communication during mechanical ventilation.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to describe the patient experience of communication during mechanical ventilation. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: This descriptive study is a secondary analysis of data collected to study the relationship between sedation and the MV patients' recall of the ICU. Interviews, conducted after extubation, included the Intensive Care Experience Questionnaire. Data were analysed with Spearman correlation coefficients (rs) and content analysis. SETTING: Participants were recruited from a medical-surgical intensive care unit in the Midwest United States. RESULTS: Participants (n = 31) with a mean age of 65 ± 11.9 were on the ventilator a median of 5 days. Inability to communicate needs was associated with helplessness (rs = .43). While perceived lack of information received was associated with not feeling in control (rs = 41) and helplessness (rs = 41). Ineffective communication impacted negatively on satisfaction with care. Participants expressed frustration with failed communication and a lack of information received. They believed receipt of information helped them cope and desired a better system of communication during mechanical ventilation. CONCLUSION: Communication effectiveness impacts patients' sense of safety and well-being during mechanical ventilation. Greater emphasis needs to be placed on the development and integration of communication strategies into critical care nursing practice.

Effects of team care of frequent attenders on patients and physicians.

Frequent clinic attenders consume a large portion of health care resources while feeling underserved. At the same time, physicians are frustrated trying to adequately care for these patients. Previous trials of team care in primary care have rarely included control groups. Adults with eight or more clinic visits in the past year were nonrandomly assigned to usual care or team care. For the latter group, a Care Team met to review each case and create a care plan. Changes in patient health care use, well-being, and satisfaction from baseline to 6 months were compared between team care and usual care patients. In addition, Care Team members' perceptions of team care were assessed by quantitative and qualitative methods. Study patients were medically complex. Self-reported overall well-being and overall care satisfaction improved in the 12-patient team care group, but remained unchanged in the 8 patient usual care group. Median 6-month visits fell by 3 visits among team care patients and increased by 1.5 among usual care patients. Most Care Team members rated team care as positive and as improving quality of care. Members were divided on its effect on care efficiency and workload. Team care is feasible within a family medicine residency practice and may improve care.

Strategies for overcoming site and recruitment challenges in research studies based in intensive care units.

Although enrolling a sufficient number of participants is a challenge for any multisite clinical trial, recruiting patients who are critically ill and receiving mechanical ventilatory support presents additional challenges because of the severity of the patients' illness and the impediments to their communication. Recruitment challenges related to the research sites, nursing staff, and research participants faced in the first 2 years of a 4-year multisite clinical trial of a patient-directed music intervention for managing anxiety in the intensive care unit were determined. Strategies to overcome these challenges, and thereby increase enrollment, were devised. Individual strategies, such as timing of screening on a unit, were tailored to each participating site to enhance recruitment for this trial. Other strategies, such as obtaining a waiver for a participant's signature, were instituted across all participating sites. Through implementation of these various strategies, the mean monthly enrollment of participants increased by 50%. Investigators are advised to plan well in advance of starting recruitment for a clinical trial based in an intensive care unit, anticipate peaks and valleys in recruitment, and be proactive in addressing issues creatively as the issues arise.

The Savvy Caregiver program: the demonstrated effectiveness of a transportable dementia caregiver psychoeducation program.

This article is about the trial of a transportable psychoeducation program for family caregivers of older adults with Alzheimer's disease and other dementias that was based on a program developed and previously tested in an academic setting. Family caregivers were recruited by agencies in three states and invited to participate in a randomized trial of this six-session program. Questionnaires were administered prior to randomization and again 5 to 6 months later to assess program effect. A total of 52 caregivers completed both questionnaires (22 were in the wait-list control group). Experimental participants' scores on measures of mastery and distress were significantly better than control participants' scores at follow-up (Time 2 Results for this transported program showed benefits to caregivers com parable to those in the previous trials. The program demonstrated that it could be offered in a variety of settings and that it had benefit for caregivers.

Pedometers as a means to increase ambulatory activity for patients seen at a family medicine clinic.

Because of their frequent encounters with sedentary patients, family physicians are poised to be on the forefront of the medical community's response to physical inactivity. The purpose of this pilot study was to examine whether the addition of a pedometer to brief physician counseling could help patients increase their ambulatory activity. Ninety four participants recruited from a family medicine clinic were randomly assigned to 2 groups. Both groups received a brief physician endorsement of regular physical activity, a handout on the benefits of an active lifestyle, and 3 follow-up phone calls from a health educator. In addition, the intervention group received a pedometer and was instructed to record their steps daily over the 9-week study period. Measurements were taken for self-reported walking, walking stage-of-change, walking self-efficacy, and pedometer steps (intervention group only). Among completers, mean daily step counts in the pedometer group rose from 6779 at baseline to 8855 at study end. Average individual improvement was 41% over the study period. Both groups significantly increased blocks walked per day, stair climbing versus using the elevator, days per week walking > or = 30 minutes, and walking for fun/leisure. The frequency of walking short trips improved significantly more in the pedometer group relative to the comparison group. The results of this pilot study highlight the need for further research on the use of pedometers as a motivational tool in the context of medical encounters with inactive patients.

Discourse-derived perspectives: differentiating among spouses' experiences of caregiving.

A method of constant comparative analysis was used to code open-ended interviews with 132 spouse caregivers regarding their experiences in caregiving. Results of this analysis yielded 69 qualitative code categories. We used these categories to compare the caregivers on several groupings that the literature has identified as providing meaningful ways to differentiate among caregivers. We used the qualitative responses to compare the caregivers by caregiver gender care-recipient dementia severity, and duration of caregiving. Results partly confirmed previous findings that wife caregivers are more distressed than husbands, but the results also indicated these caregivers were more similar than dissimilar The other analyses likewise indicated greater similarities than dissimilarities in the caregiving experience. We next continued the analysis and, using the coding categories as a springboard, identified four distinct patterns for construction of the meaning of the caregiving experience in the caregivers' discourse. These discourse-derived framing categories, applicable in about three-quarters of the caregivers, offered other ways to distinguish among caregivers. Further analysis of these robust groupings' showed important differences among the groups. These framing categories suggest ways to differentiate among caregivers, based on their perception of their role in the caregiving situation, ways that might point the way to intervention strategies for each of the groupings.