Qualidade de ovos de codornas comercializados em diferentes estabelecimentos comerciais durante o inverno e o verão / Quality of quails eggs sold in different commercial establishments during the winter and summer / Calidad de los huevos de codorniz comercializados en diferentes establecimientos durante el invierno y el verano

O ovo de codorna é um alimento equilibrado e completo em nutrientes. No entanto, é importante o armazenamento adequado, visando minimizar a perda de todo esse potencial nutritivo apresentado. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade de ovos de codornas comercializados durante as estações de inverno e verão em diferentes estabelecimentos comerciais no município de Aquidauana - MS. Foram utilizados 960 ovos (480 em cada estação do ano), adquiridos em quatro diferentes estabelecimentos comerciais. As variáveis analisadas foram: peso do ovo (PO), unidade Haugh (UH), índice de gema (IG), cor de gema crua (COR), porcentagem de gema (PG), albúmen (PA) e casca (PCA), pH de gema (pHG) e albúmen (pHA), gravidade específica (GE) e espessura de casca (EC). Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância para verificar os efeitos dos fatores estudados e a comparação entre as médias dos tratamentos foi realizada por meio do teste de Tukey (p<0,05). A qualidade dos ovos reduziu no verão, influenciando negativamente as variáveis: PO, UH, PA e PG, sobretudo o pHA. Embora tenha sido prejudicada, a UH ainda apresentou valores considerados excelentes, com mínimo encontrado de 77,81. Houve também diferenças na qualidade dos ovos entre os estabelecimentos avaliados, com menores valores analisados no estabelecimento 1. Conclui-se que no verão os ovos são mais suscetíveis a perda de qualidade em relação ao inverno em estabelecimentos que armazenam os em temperatura ambiente.

Quail eggs are a balanced and nutrient-dense food. However, adequate storage is important, aiming to minimize the loss of all this nutritional potential presented. The objective of this work was to evaluate the quality of quail eggs sold during the winter and summer seasons in different commercial establishments in the municipality of Aquidauana - MS. 960 eggs were used (480 in each season of the year), purchased from four different commercial establishments. The variables analyzed were egg weight (PO), Haugh unit (UH), yolk index (IG), raw yolk color (COR), percentage of yolk (PG), albumen (PA) and shell (PCA), Yolk pH (pHG) and albumen (pHA), specific gravity (GE) and shell thickness (EC). The data were subjected to analysis of variance to verify the effects of the studied factors and the comparison between treatment means was performed using the Tukey test (p<0.05). Egg quality showed a reduction in the summer, affecting variables such as PO, UH, PA and PG, especially pHA. Even with these reductions, UH still presented values considered excellent, with a minimum found of 77.81. There were also differences in egg quality between the establishments evaluated, with lower values analyzed in establishment 1. It is concluded that eggs are more susceptible to loss of quality in summer compared to winter in establishments with storage at room temperature.

Los huevos de codorniz son un alimento equilibrado y rico en nutrientes. Sin embargo, es importante un almacenamiento adecuado, con el objetivo de minimizar la pérdida de todo este potencial nutricional presentado. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la calidad de los huevos de codorniz comercializados durante las temporadas de invierno y verano en diferentes establecimientos comerciales del municipio de Aquidauana - MS. Se utilizaron 960 huevos (480 en cada época del año), adquiridos en cuatro establecimientos comerciales diferentes. Las variables analizadas fueron: peso del huevo (PO), unidad Haugh (HU), índice de yema (IG), color de yema cruda (COR), porcentaje de yema (PG), albúmina (PA) y cáscara (PCA), pH de la yema (pHG) y albúmina (pHA), gravedad específica (GE) y espesor de la cáscara (EC). Los datos fueron sometidos a análisis de varianza para verificar los efectos de los factores estudiados y la comparación entre medias de tratamientos se realizó mediante la prueba de Tukey (p<0,05). La calidad del huevo mostró una reducción en el verano, afectando variables como PO, UH, PA y PG, especialmente pHA. Aún con estas reducciones, UH aún presentó valores considerados excelentes, con un mínimo encontrado de 77,81. También hubo diferencias en la calidad del huevo entre los establecimientos evaluados, analizándose valores menores en el establecimiento 1. Se concluye que los huevos son más susceptibles a la pérdida de calidad en verano en comparación con el invierno en establecimientos con almacenamiento a temperatura ambiente.

Effects of aeration and season of the year on fish waste composting and compost quality.

Employing forced aeration (FA) in composting static windrows (SW) from fish waste (FW) has the potential to enhance the development of process and, organic fertiliser quality. However, due to the impact of season, the FA may lead to excessive drying of SW and, difficulty in thermophilic temperature maintenance. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of passive aeration (PA) and FA on the composting of FW in SW during the summer and winter seasons. The temperatures of the windrows remained within the thermophilic range for most of the composting period, with peak temperatures observed shortly after starting and turning the windrows (at 50 and 70 days). The aeration benefited the initial TS degradations, resulting in 86.66 and 45.99% of the TS total reduced to FA and PA piles, at 50 days during the winter. The C organic reduction was 77.77 and 76.33% in summer and winter to FA piles, respectively, but this reduction was 59.24% and 67.82% for winter and summer, respectively, in PA windrows. At 50 days, the N reduction in FA piles was already at 70.32% and 71.87% for winter and summer. The volatile solids reductions were significantly higher (p < 0.01) in FA piles during the summer. Although the FA has been shown to enhance the organic constituents' degradation during the composting of FW, its adoption was not enough to improve the compost composition. Thus, by conducting piles on a small scale, with the perforated wall, as described in this study, the FA could be dispensed.

Analysis of uptake, effectiveness and safety of COVID-19 vaccinations in pregnancy using the QResearch database: research protocol and statistical analysis plan

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has affected millions of people globally with major health, social and economic consequences, prompting development of vaccines for use in the general population. However, vaccination uptake is lower in some groups, including in pregnant women, because of concerns regarding vaccine safety. There is evidence of increased risk of adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, but fear of vaccine-associated adverse events on the baby both in short and longer term is one of the main drivers of low uptake for this group. Other vaccines commonly used in pregnancy include influenza and pertussis. These both have reportedly higher uptake compared with COVID-19 vaccination, which may be because they are perceived to be safer. In this study, we will undertake an independent evaluation of the uptake, effectiveness and safety of COVID-19 vaccinations in pregnant women using the QResearch primary care database in England. ObjectivesO_LITo determine COVID-19 vaccine uptake in pregnant women compared to uptake of influenza and pertussis vaccinations. C_LIO_LITo estimate COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness in pregnant women by evaluating the risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes following vaccination. C_LIO_LITo assess the safety of COVID-19 vaccination in pregnancy by evaluating the risks of adverse pregnancy and perinatal outcomes and adverse events of special interest for vaccine safety after COVID-19 vaccination compared with influenza and pertussis vaccinations. C_LI MethodsThis population-based study uses the QResearch(R) database of primary health care records, linked to individual-level data on hospital admissions, mortality, COVID-19 vaccination, SARS-CoV-2 testing data and congenital anomalies. We will include women aged 16 to 49 years with at least one pregnancy during the study period of 30th December 2020 to the latest date available. Babies born during the study period will be identified and linked to the mothers record, where possible. We will describe vaccine uptake in pregnant women by trimester and population subgroups defined by demographics and other characteristics. Cox proportional hazards multivariable regression will be used to identify factors associated with vaccine uptake. The effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in pregnant women will be assessed using time varying Royston-Palmar regression analyses to determine unadjusted and adjusted hazard ratios for the occurrence of severe COVID-19 outcomes after each vaccine dose compared with unvaccinated individuals. For the safety analysis, we will we use logistic regression analyses to determine unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios for the occurrence of maternal (e.g. miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy and gestational diabetes) and perinatal outcomes (e.g. stillbirth, small for gestational age and congenital anomalies) by vaccination status compared to unvaccinated individuals. For the adverse events of special interest for vaccine safety (e.g. venous thromboembolism, myocarditis and Guillain Barre syndrome), we will use time varying Royston-Palmar regression analyses to determine unadjusted and adjusted hazard ratios for the occurrence of each outcome by vaccination status to unvaccinated individuals. Ethics and disseminationQResearch is a Research Ethics Approved Research Database with ongoing approval from the East Midlands Multi-Centre Research Ethics Committee (Ref: 18/EM/0400). This study was approved by the QResearch Scientific Committee on 9th June 2022. This research protocol has been developed with support from a patient and public involvement panel, who will continue to provide input throughout the duration of the study. Research findings will be submitted to pre-print servers such as MedRxIv, academic publication and disseminated more broadly through media releases and community groups and conference presentations.

Effects of Regular Brazil Nut (Bertholletia excelsa H.B.K.) Consumption on Health: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials.

The Brazil nut (BN) is a promising food due to its numerous health benefits, but it is still necessary to systematically review the scientific evidence on these benefits. Thus, we examined the effects of regular BN consumption on health markers in humans according to the health state (with specific diseases or not) of the subjects. PubMed, Embase®, and Scielo databases were used to search for clinical trials. The PRISMA guideline was used to report the review, and the risk of bias for all studies was assessed. Twenty-four studies were included in the present review, of which fifteen were non-randomized. BNs were consumed in the context of a habitual free-living diet in all studies. Improvement in antioxidant status through increased levels of selenium and/or glutathione peroxidase activity in plasma, serum, whole blood, and/or erythrocytes was observed in all studies that evaluated antioxidant status, regardless of the health state of the sample. In addition, healthy subjects improved lipid markers and fasting glucose. Subjects with obesity had improvement in markers of lipid metabolism. Subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus or dyslipidemia improved oxidative stress or DNA damage. Subjects undergoing hemodialysis benefited greatly from BN consumption, as they improved lipid profile markers, oxidative stress, inflammation, and thyroid function. Older adults with mild cognitive impairment improved verbal fluency and constructional praxis, and controversial results regarding the change in a marker of lipid peroxidation were observed in subjects with coronary artery disease. In conclusion, the benefits of BN consumption were found in different pathways of action and study populations.

Predictors of hospital readmission after fractures: One-year follow-up study.

OBJECTIVE: Identify the incidence and predictive factors for readmissions of elderly hospitalized with fractures. METHOD: Prospective cohort study on 376 elderly people from a trauma referral large hospital in central Brazil. Data were collected from medical records of elderly people with radiological diagnosis of fractures. Readmission that occurs up to one year after the first discharge was defined the outcome variable. Pre- and post-admission characteristics were analyzed as predictive factors. Multiple analysis was performed using robust Poisson regression. RESULTS: The main cause of hospitalization was fracture of the femur (53.2%) and the most frequent trauma mechanism was fall from standing height (72.9%). The incidence of readmission was 20.7%, of which 30.5% were related to the fracture itself, with emphasis on Surgical Site Infection. The predictors of readmissions were: age range 60 to 69 years, COPD, delirium and fracture of the femur. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of readmissions was high, with various causes and associated conditions pre-admission (age range 60-69, presenting COPD) and post-admission (delirium). The monitoring of these factors in the hospital environment is essential for prevention of readmissions.

Effect of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on telomere length and telomerase activity: A systematic review of clinical trials.

Evidence suggests antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA). However, the effect of supplementation of this fatty acid profile on the telomere length and the telomerase enzyme activity was not revised yet. The PubMed and Embase® databases were used to search for clinical trials. A total of six clinical trials were revised. Omega-3 PUFA supplementation did not statistically affect telomere length in three out of three studies but affected telomerase activity in two out of four studies. The supplementation increased telomerase enzyme activity in subjects with first-episode schizophrenia. Besides, it decreased telomerase enzyme activity without modulating the effects of Pro12Ala polymorphism on the PPARγ gene in type 2 diabetes subjects. The methodological differences between the studies and the limited number of studies on the theme suggest that further studies are needed to elucidate the effects of n-3 PUFA supplementation on telomere length and telomerase enzyme activity in humans.

Trauma mamilar em mulheres no período lactacional / Breast trauma in women in the lactation period / Trauma del pezón en mujeres en período de lactancia

Objetivo: revisar a produção científica acerca dos fatores que predispõem o surgimento dos traumas mamilares em nutrizes que possa vir a comprometer a continuidade do aleitamento materno exclusivo. Método: trata-se de uma revisão integrativa. O levantamento das publicações ocorreu no período de outubro e novembro de 2020, utilizando os descritores "Breastfeeding", "Weaning", "Postpartum Period", "Puerperium",além da palavra-chave: "nipple trauma"nas bases de dados da Scopus, PubMed Central: PMC, EMBASE e CINAHL.Nove artigos foram selecionados para a amostra final. Resultados:Após análise dos dados, constituíram 4 eixos temáticos intitulados: "Educação no pré-natal", "Fatores preditores para o desenvolvimento de trauma mamilar", "Fatores associados à mama" e "Influência da inserção de mamadeiras e chupetas na pega". Conclusão: A maioria dos estudos apresentam a falta de informação e o posicionamento inadequado do bebê como preditores de traumas mamilares, assim como a cirurgia cesárea, a fisiologia da mama, uso de mamadeira e/ou chupetas.

Objetivo: revisar a produção científica acerca dos fatores que predispõem o surgimento dos traumas mamilares em nutrizes que possa vir a comprometer a continuidade do aleitamento materno exclusivo. Método: trata-se de uma revisão integrativa. O levantamento das publicações ocorreu no período de outubro e novembro de 2020, utilizando os descritores "Breastfeeding", "Weaning", "Postpartum Period", "Puerperium",além da palavra-chave: "nipple trauma"nas bases de dados da Scopus, PubMed Central: PMC, EMBASE e CINAHL.Nove artigos foram selecionados para a amostra final. Resultados:Após análise dos dados, constituíram 4 eixos temáticos intitulados: "Educação no pré-natal", "Fatores preditores para o desenvolvimento de trauma mamilar", "Fatores associados à mama" e "Influência da inserção de mamadeiras e chupetas na pega". Conclusão: A maioria dos estudos apresentam a falta de informação e o posicionamento inadequado do bebê como preditores de traumas mamilares, assim como a cirurgia cesárea, a fisiologia da mama, uso de mamadeira e/ou chupetas.

Objetivo: revisar la producción científica sobre los factores que predisponen a la aparición de traumatismos en los pezones en madres lactantes que pueden comprometer la continuidad de la lactancia materna exclusiva. Método: se trata de una revisión integradora. El relevamiento de publicaciones se realizó entre octubre y noviembre de 2020, utilizando los descriptores "Lactancia Materna", "Destete", "Período Posparto", "Puerperio", además de la palabra clave: "traumatismo del pezón" en las bases de datos de Scopus, PubMed Central. : PMC, EMBASE y CINAHL. Nueve artículos fueron seleccionados para la muestra final. Resultados: Luego del análisis de los datos, se constituyeron 4 ejes temáticos, titulados: "Educación en el control prenatal", "Factores predictivos para el desarrollo de trauma del pezón", "Factores asociados a la mama" e "Influencia de la inserción de biberones y chupetes en el mango". Conclusión: La mayoría de los estudios presentan falta de información y posicionamiento inadecuado del bebé como predictores de trauma del pezón, así como cirugía cesárea, fisiología mamaria, uso de biberón y/o chupete.

Impactos das tecnologias de informação e comunicação como estratégia de educação permanente em saúde para os profissionais de enfermagem / Impacts of information and communication technologies as a permanent health education strategy for nursing professionals / Impactos de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación como estrategia de educación permanente en salud para los profesionales de enfermeira

Introdução:As Tecnologias da Informação eComunicaçãosão úteis no processamento, noarmazenamento e na transmissão de informação.Nocampo da saúdeelas proporcionam a melhoria na qualidade de vida dos sujeitose avanços no processo de trabalho dos profissionais ao otimizarem recursos e promoverem a inovação tecnológica de alto impacto social. Objetivo:Identificar na literatura quais osimpactos das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação na educação permanenteem saúde para os profissionais de enfermagem. Metodologia:Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura que possui a seguinte questão norteadora: "Quaisos impactos das tecnologias de informação e comunicação como estratégia de educação permanente em saúde para os profissionais de enfermagem?".O levantamento das publicações ocorreu no período de setembro aoutubro de 2020, nas bases de dados PubMed Central: PMC, Web of Science, CINAHL, SCOPUSe EMBASE. Fora localizados 2.296 artigos, e apósa aplicação dos critérios de inclusão: artigos de pesquisa originais, que a temática respondesse à pergunta norteadora, open accesse que estivesse dentro do intervalo de 2016 a 2020, foi realizada a leitura e análise dos artigos,e7artigos foram selecionados para a amostra final. Resultados:Após a análise dos estudos formaram3 categorizações temáticas: "Vantagens da educação permanente por meio da Tecnologia da informação e comunicação"; "Os desafios da educação permanente através do modelo e-learning"; e "Aprimoramento da educação permanente por meio da Tecnologia da informação e comunicação".Conclusões:Identifica-seodesempenho positivo do uso das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação como ferramenta utilizada pelos enfermeiros na educação permanente,grande praticidade e maior acessibilidade aos mais variados temas abordados nesses processos de aprendizagem (AU).

Introduction:Information and communication technologies are useful in the processing, storage, and transmission of information.In the field of health, they provide an improvement in the quality of life of peopleand advances in the work process of professionals through the optimization of resources and the promotion of technological innovation with high social impact. Objective:Identify in the literature the impacts of information and communication technologies in permanent health education for nursing professionals.Method:It is an integrative review of the literature that has the following guiding question: "What are the impacts of information and communication technologies as a permanent health education strategy for nursing professionals?".The compilation of publications was carried out from September to October 2020, in the PubMed Central databases:PMC, Web of Science, CINAHL, SCOPUS y EMBASE.2,296 articles were found, and then the inclusion criteria were applied:original research articles, that the subject answered the guiding question, open access, and that they were within the range from 2016 to 2020.The articles were read and analyzed, and 7 were selected for the final sample.Results: After analyzing the studies, 3 thematic categorizations were formed: "Advantages of lifelong education through Information and Communication Technologies"; "The challenges of permanent education through the e-learning model"; and "Improvement of permanent education through Information and Communication Technologies". Conclusion:The positive performance of the use of Information and Communication Technologies is identified as a tool used by nurses in permanent education, great practicality and better accessibility to the most varied topics addressed in these learning processes (AU).

Introducción:Las tecnologías de la información y la comunicaciónson útiles en el procesamiento, almacenamiento y transmisión de información.En el ámbito de la salud, aportan una mejora en la calidad de vida de los sujetos y avances en el proceso de trabajo de los profesionalesmediante la optimización de recursos y la promoción de la innovación tecnológica de alto impacto social. Objetivo:Identificar en la literatura los impactos de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación en la educación permanente en salud paralos profesionales de enfermería. Metodología:Se trata de una revisión integradora de la literatura que tiene la siguiente pregunta orientadora: "¿Cuáles son los impactos de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación como estrategia de educación permanente en salud para los profesionales de enfermería?".El compilado de publicaciones se realizó de septiembre a octubre de 2020, en las bases de datos de PubMed Central: PMC, Web of Science, CINAHL, SCOPUS yEMBASE.Se encontraron 2.296 artículos, y luego seaplicólos criterios de inclusión:artículos de investigación originales, que la temática respondieraa la pregunta orientadora, open access, y que estuvierandentro del rango de 2016 a 2020. Los artículos fueron leídos y analizados, y se seleccionaron 7 para la muestra final. Resultados:Luego de analizar los estudios, se formaron 3 categorizaciones temáticas: "Ventajas de la educación permanente por intermediode las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación"; "Los desafíos de la educación permanente a través del modelo e-learning"; y "Mejoramiento de la educación permanente por intermedio de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación". Conclusiones:Se identifica el desempeño positivo del uso de lasTecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación como una herramienta utilizada por los enfermeros en la educación permanente, gran practicidad y mejor accesibilidad a los más variados temas abordados en estos procesos de aprendizaje (AU).

Effect of chronic consumption of nuts on oxidative stress: a systematic review of clinical trials.

Nuts consumption has been associated with a protective effect against cardiovascular diseases and oxidative stress-related disorders. We aimed to perform a systematic review with clinical trials to assess the impact of chronic nuts consumption on oxidative stress and the possible mechanisms involved. Studies were identified by searching in three electronic databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and LILACS, and selected following PRISMA guidelines. Two authors perform searching and data extraction. A total of 16 articles were included (12 randomized clinical trials and 4 one or two-arm clinical trials). Nut doses were generally high (> 30 g/d), except for Brazil nuts (5-13 g/d). The follow-up time ranges between four weeks and six months, and the oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) was the most assessed biomarker. Eight articles reported improvement in oxidative stress biomarkers after nuts supplementation. Pathways regulated by selenium (e.g. glutathione peroxidase activity and nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) regulation), monounsaturated fatty acids (e.g. reduction of LDL oxidation), and bioactive compounds (e.g. antioxidant activity) were described as mechanisms involved in these beneficial effects. No studies reported harmful effects of nut consumption, even in high doses. The chronic consumption of nuts seemed to be effective to change some oxidative stress biomarkers, however, this topic remains controversial because the benefits depends on nut type, nut dose, and population characteristics.

Incidence of delirium following hospitalization of elderly people with fractures: risk factors and mortality.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the incidence, risk factors for delirium, and its association with death in the elderly hospitalized with fractures. METHOD: Prospective cohort, with a one-year follow-up of elderly people with clinical or radiological diagnosis of fracture, from an emergency and trauma hospital in the state of Goiás. The outcome delirium was defined by the medical description in the medical record. The predictor variables were demographic, health conditions, and hospitalization complications. A hierarchical multiple analysis was performed using robust Poisson regression, with Relative Risk as a measure of effect. RESULTS: A total of 376 elderly patients were included. The incidence of delirium was 12.8% (n = 48). Risk factors were male gender, age ≥80 years, dementia, heart disease, osteoporosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, high-energy traumas, pneumonia, urinary tract infection, and surgery. The risk of death in the sample was 1.97 times higher (HR: 1.97 95% CI 1.19-3.25) in elderly people with delirium. CONCLUSION: Delirium had an intermediate incidence (12.8%); the risk of death in this group was about 2 times higher in one year after hospital admission. Demographic factors, past history of diseases, surgery, and complications have increased the risk and require monitoring during hospitalization of elderly people with fractures.

A aplicação da laserterapia no tratamento de traumas mamilares: revisão de literatura / Application of laser therapy in the treatment of nipple traumas: a literature review / Aplicación de laserterapia en el tratamiento del traumatismo del pezón: revisión de literatura

OBJETIVO: Identificar na literatura científica a aplicação da laserterapia de baixa intensidade no tratamento de traumas mamilares em puérperas. MÉTODO: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura. O levantamento das publicações ocorreu no período de setembro a novembro de 2020, utilizando os descritores "low-level light therapy" e "laser therapy", além da palavra-chave: "nipple trauma", nas bases de dados da PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopuse Web of Science.Após a leitura e análise dos artigos, 3 artigos foram selecionados para a amostra final. RESULTADOS: Os dados analisados compuseram dois eixos temáticos denominados: "Uso da laserterapia no alívio da dor mamilar" e "Uso da laserterapia na cicatrização de fissuras mamilares". CONCLUSÃO: A aplicação da laserterapia resultou na diminuição da dor e boa regeneração tecidual mamilar, contribuindo para manutenção do aleitamento materno.

OBJECTIVE: To identify in the scientific literature the application of low-level laser therapy in the treatment of nipple traumas in puerperal women. METHOD: This is an integrative literature review.The survey of publications took place from September to November2020, using the descriptors "low-level light therapy" and "laser therapy", in addition to the keyword"nipple trauma", in the PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus and Web of Science databases.After reading and analyzing the articles, 3 were selected for the finalsample. RESULTS: The analyzed data composed two thematic axes, namely: "The use of laser therapy for nipple pain relief" and "The use of laser therapy in the healing of nipple fissures". CONCLUSION: The application of laser therapy resulted in pain reduction and in good nipple tissue regeneration, contributing to the maintenance of breastfeeding.

OBJETIVO: Identificar en la literatura científica la aplicación de laserterapia de baja intensidad en el tratamiento del traumatismo del pezón en mujeres posparto. MÉTODO: Se trata de una revisión integradora de la literatura. El levantamiento de publicaciones se realizó de septiembre a noviembre de 2020, utilizando los descriptores "low-level light therapy" y "laser therapy", además de la palabra clave: "nipple trauma", en las bases de datos de PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus y Web of Science. Después de leer y analizar los artículos, se seleccionaron 3 artículos para la muestra final. RESULTADOS: Los datos analizados comprendieron dos ejes temáticos denominados: "Uso de laserterapia para aliviar el dolor del pezón" y "Uso de laserterapia para la cicatrización de las grietas del pezón". CONCLUSIÓN: La aplicación de laserterapia dio como resultado una disminución del dolor y una buena regeneración del tejido del pezón, contribuyendo al mantenimiento de la lactancia.

Effects of curcumin supplementation on sport and physical exercise: a systematic review.

Curcumin is the main phenolic compound in turmeric. It has been investigated recently due to its numerous medicinal properties and health benefits. However, few studies assessed the effects of curcumin supplementation on physical activity practice. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to assess the available evidences with human beings about the potential effects of curcumin supplementation on sport and physical exercise. This systematic review was conducted within the period from January to February, 2019, following the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes (PRISMA) guidelines. The LILACS, Medline, SciELO and PubMed databases were used for the search, with no publication date limit. The following terms, with the respective Boolean operators, were searched: "curcumin" AND sports; "curcumin" AND exercise; curcumin AND "aerobic exercise"; "curcumin" AND "resistance exercise"; "curcumin" AND "endurance exercise"; "curcumin" AND "strength exercise". Eleven papers were selected for this review. Most of the studies displayed positive effects of the curcumin supplementation for athletes and physical exercise practitioners, and no side effects were reported. Participants supplemented with curcumin displayed reduced inflammation and oxidative stress, decreased pain and muscle damage, superior recovery and muscle performance, better psychological and physiological responses (thermal and cardiovascular) during training and improved gastrointestinal function. Curcumin supplementation appears to be safe and beneficial for sport and physical exercise in human beings. PROSPERO (CRD42019126763).

Incidence of delirium following hospitalization of elderly people with fractures: risk factors and mortality / Incidencia de delirium tras hospitalización de ancianos con fracturas: factores de riesgo y mortalidad / Incidência de delirium após internação de idosos com fraturas: fatores de risco e mortalidade

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the incidence, risk factors for delirium, and its association with death in the elderly hospitalized with fractures. Method: Prospective cohort, with a one-year follow-up of elderly people with clinical or radiological diagnosis of fracture, from an emergency and trauma hospital in the state of Goiás. The outcome delirium was defined by the medical description in the medical record. The predictor variables were demographic, health conditions, and hospitalization complications. A hierarchical multiple analysis was performed using robust Poisson regression, with Relative Risk as a measure of effect. Results: A total of 376 elderly patients were included. The incidence of delirium was 12.8% (n = 48). Risk factors were male gender, age ≥80 years, dementia, heart disease, osteoporosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, high-energy traumas, pneumonia, urinary tract infection, and surgery. The risk of death in the sample was 1.97 times higher (HR: 1.97 95% CI 1.19-3.25) in elderly people with delirium. Conclusion: Delirium had an intermediate incidence (12.8%); the risk of death in this group was about 2 times higher in one year after hospital admission. Demographic factors, past history of diseases, surgery, and complications have increased the risk and require monitoring during hospitalization of elderly people with fractures.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar la incidencia, los factores de riesgo para el delirium y su asociación con el óbito en ancianos hospitalizados con fracturas. Método: Cohorte prospectiva, con acompañamiento de un año con ancianos con diagnóstico clínico o radiológico de fractura, de un hospital de urgencias y trauma en Goiás, Brasil. El resultado delirium fue definido por la descripción médica en el registro médico. Las variables predictoras fueron demográficas, condiciones de salud y complicaciones de la hospitalización. Se realizó el análisis de regresión múltiple jerárquica utilizando la regresión de Poisson con varianza robusta, con Riesgo Relativo como medida de efecto. Resultados: Fueron incluidos 376 ancianos. La incidencia de delirium fue 12,8% (n = 48). Los factores de riesgo fueron: sexo masculino, edad ≥ 80 años, demencia, cardiopatía, osteoporosis, EPOC, traumas de alta energía, neumonía, infección urinaria y cirugía. El riesgo de óbito en la muestra fue 1,97 veces mayor (HR: 1,97 IC 95% 1,19-3,25) en ancianos con delirium. Conclusión: El delirium tuvo una incidencia intermediaria (12,8%); el riesgo de óbito en ese grupo fue aproximadamente 2 veces mayor en un año después de la admisión hospitalaria. Factores demográficos, historia anterior de enfermedades, realización de cirugía y la ocurrencia de complicaciones aumentaron el riesgo y necesitan ser monitoreados durante la hospitalización de ancianos con fracturas.

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar a incidência, os fatores de risco para o delirium e sua associação com óbito em idosos hospitalizados com fraturas. Método: Coorte prospectiva, com seguimento de um ano de idosos com diagnóstico clínico ou radiológico de fratura, de um hospital de urgência e trauma de Goiás. O desfecho delirium foi definido pela descrição médica no prontuário. As variáveis preditoras foram demográficas, condições de saúde e complicações da internação. Realizou-se análise múltipla hierarquizada utilizando-se regressão de Poisson robusta, com Risco Relativo como medida de efeito. Resultados: Foram incluídos 376 idosos. A incidência de delirium foi 12,8% (n = 48). Os fatores de risco foram: sexo masculino, idade ≥80 anos, demência, cardiopatia, osteoporose, doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica, acidentes de alta energia, pneumonia, infecção do trato urinário e cirurgia. O risco de óbito na amostra foi 1,97 vezes maior (HR: 1,97 IC 95% 1,19-3,25) em idosos com delírio. Conclusão: O delirium teve uma incidência intermediária (12,8%); o risco de óbito nesse grupo foi cerca de 2 vezes maior em um ano após a admissão hospitalar. Fatores demográficos, história pregressa de doenças, realização de cirurgia e ocorrência de complicações aumentaram o risco e precisam ser monitorados durante a internação de idosos com fraturas.

Dietary Fat Intake and its Association with Adiposity and Inflammatory Markers in Individuals at Cardiometabolic Risk

Abstract Background Fatty acids are important components of diet that may influence the development of CVD. Objective To verify the relationship of dietary fatty acids with cardiometabolic markers in individuals at the cardiometabolic risk. Methods This cross-sectional study involved 282 subjects (116 M/166 F, 42 ± 16 years) attended the Cardiovascular Health Care Program, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (Brazil). Anthropometric and body composition measurements as well as metabolic and inflammatory markers were assessed by standard procedures. Demographic and lifestyle variables were obtained by semi-structured questionnaire. Food consumption was evaluated by 24h recall. Student's t-test or Mann-Whitney-U test and chi-square test were used, considering the statistical significance level of 5% probability. Results Individuals who eaten fat, fatty acids saturated and fatty acids polyunsaturated above recommendation (> 35, 7%, and 10% of caloric intake) were more likely to be overweight (p < 0.05). Those individuals with higher intake of medium-chain fatty saturated acids (≥ 1.05 g/d) had lower values (p < 0.05) of body mass index, waist circumference, waist-hip ratio and waist-height ratio and higher values (p < 0.05) of total leukocytes, C-reactive protein and total cholesterol, and LDL. Subjects with higher of palmitoleic acid intake (≥ 0.94 g/d) presented higher values of BMI, fat percentage and HOMA-IR (p < 0.05). Conclusion This cross-sectional study found different associations of dietary fat and cardiometabolic risk related to adiposity and inflammatory markers, according with chain-size and saturation, indicating the need the more detailed on the dietary assessment of obese patients to identify risk factors and established best strategies to control. (Int J Cardiovasc Sci. 2020; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0)

Characterization and valuing of hatchery waste from the broiler chicken productive chain.

Characterizing the waste generated from different agro-industrial segments enables the strategic management of residues, with the goal of maximizing recovery within the premises of a circular economy. This research aimed to determine the coefficient of waste generated in broiler chick hatcheries as well as to characterize the waste, taking into account the points of culling and the ages of the laying hens. Furthermore, the waste was used in composting with sheep manure (SM) at increasing inclusion rates (0:100, 10:90, 20:80, 30:70, 40:60, and 50:50). On average, 0.16 kg (DM) of hatchery waste is generated per kg of broiler chicks born. At the hatchery, at least 79% of the total disposal occurs at the hatcher stage. This value is impacted by chicken age (P < 0.05), with birds of a late laying age generating waste with higher contents of carbon (C), volatile solids (VS), ether extract (EE), and nitrogen (N). Culling during egg reception and the manual transfer process account for only 1.8% of the total waste generated on average and thus contribute little to the composition of the overall residues. However, the mechanical transfer process may represent up to 19.0% of the total waste generated by hens of an intermediate laying age. According to the average of all the composting stages, the maximum reduction in solids and C from the hatchery waste was reached when the waste accounted for 50% of the windrow composition. Such conditions resulted in organic fertilizer with the highest N content (2.8%), equivalent to 40.0% more than that in the treatment with no added hatchery waste. The compost resulting from 50% hatchery waste inclusion also had the highest humic acid to fulvic acid (HA:FA) ratio and the highest calcium content due to the higher proportion of eggshells. These findings lead to the recommendation for the inclusion of hatchery waste in composting with SM at a 50% rate by mass.

Survival Analysis of Hospitalized Elderly People with Fractures in Brazil Over One Year.

OBJECTIVE: This study analyzes the causes of death, survival, and other related factors in hospitalized elderly people with fractures over the course of one year. METHODS: We followed 376 fracture patients for one year in a prospective cohort study to a reference hospital in central Brazil. The Cox regression model was used to analyze factors associated with survival. RESULTS: The results indicate that the one-year mortality rate was high (22.9%). The independent factors linked to lower overall survival were as follows: patients aged >80 years with previous intensive care unit (ICU) admission and presence of comorbidities (diabetes mellitus [DM] and dementia). CONCLUSION: Our study results may contribute to a better understanding of the impact of fractures on the elderly population and reinforce the need to oversee age-groups, diabetic patients, and patients with complications during hospitalization.

Branched-Chain amino acids intake is negatively related to body adiposity in individuals at cardiometabolic risk / Consumo de aminoácidos de cadeia ramificada está negativamente relacionado com adiposidade corporal em indivíduos com risco cardiometabólico

ABSTRACT Objective To assess the relationship between branched-chain amino acids intake in the current diet and the metabolic and body adiposity markers in a population at cardiovascular risk. Methods This is a cross-sectional study with 282 adults and elderly people from the Cardiovascular Health Care Program of the Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Sociodemographic, anthropometric and body composition data, as well as metabolic biomarkers were collected using standardized protocols. Dietary intake of branched amino acids was assessed using a 24-hour recall. Results Individuals with a higher branched-chain amino acids intake (≥2.6g/day, median value) had lower body fat (29.6 vs 32.2%; p=0.019), and higher serum ferritin (113.2 vs. 60.1mg/dL; p=0.006) and uric acid concentrations (4.4 vs. 4.0; p=0.023). In addition, a lower prevalence of overweight and excessive abdominal fat (p<0.05) was found in the individuals with higher branched-chain amino acids intake. They also had a higher daily intake of fiber, copper, zinc, magnesium, and iron, as well as a lower intake of total lipids. Conclusion In the present study, the intake of branched amino acids is negatively related to total and central adiposity, but more studies are needed to fully elucidate this possible relationship. (Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials, code RBR-5n4y2g).

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar a relação entre o consumo de aminoácidos de cadeia ramificada na dieta atual e os marcadores de adiposidade metabólica e corporal em uma população com perfil de elevado risco cardiovascular. Métodos Trata-se de um estudo transversal com 282 adultos e idosos do Programa de Atenção Cardiovascular da Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Dados sociodemográficos, antropométricos e de composição corporal, além de biomarcadores metabólicos, foram coletados utilizando protocolos padronizados. O consumo alimentar de aminoácidos ramificados foi avaliado através de um recordatório de 24 horas. Resultados Indivíduos com maior consumo de aminoácidos de cadeia ramificada (≥2,6g/dia, valor da mediana) apresentaram menores valores de gordura corporal (29,6 vs 32,2%; p=0,019) e maiores valores de séricos de ferritina (113,2 vs. 60,1mg/dL; p=0,006) e ácido úrico (4,4 vs. 4,0; p=0,023). Além disso, foi encontrada uma menor prevalência de sobrepeso e excesso de gordura abdominal (p<0,05) nos indivíduos com maior consumo de aminoácidos de cadeia ramificada. Eles também apresentaram um maior consumo diário de fibra, cobre, zinco, magnésio e ferro, além de um menor consumo de lipídios totais. Conclusão No presente estudo, o consumo de aminoácidos ramificados está negativamente relacionado à adiposidade total e central, porém mais estudos são necessários para elucidar completamente essa possível relação. (Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos, código RBR-5n4y2g)

"Traditional" and "Healthy" Dietary Patterns Are Associated with Low Cardiometabolic Risk in Brazilian Subjects.

This study aimed at determining the dietary patterns and investigating their association with cardiometabolic risk markers in a brazilian population at risk. This transversal study was carried out with data of 265 patients (n = 123 M/172 W, age 42 ± 16 years) of the Cardiovascular Health Care Program-PROCARDIO-UFV, Brazil-who had their first appointment between 2012 and 2017. A 24-hour recall was applied. The dietary patterns were determined by Principal Component Analysis. Anthropometric, clinical-metabolic, sociodemographic, and lifestyle data were collected through medical record analysis. Five patterns were identified: "Traditional", "Caloric", "Unhealthy", "Healthy," and "Healthy Snacks". In bivariate analysis, the "Healthy" pattern was negatively associated with WC (waist circunference), BMI (body mass index), WHR (waist-to-hip ratio), SBP (systolic blood pressure), fasting glucose, TG/HDL, LDL/HDL, and TG/HDL values and positively to HDL. The "Traditional" pattern was positively associated with adiposity indicators (WC, BMI, and WHR) and negatively associated with body fat, TyG (triglyceride-glucose index), HDL, and LDL (P < 0.05). However, in adjusted models of Poisson regression, individuals with positive factor score (higher adherence) in the "Traditional" and "Healthy" patterns had less occurrence of abdominal obesity (PR 0.85; 95% CI 0.74-0.99/PR 0.88; 95% CI 0.02-0.76), as well as dyslipidemia (PR 0.06; 95% CI 0.02-0.51/PR 0.03; 95% CI 0.01-0.27), diabetes (PR 0.05; 95% CI 0.01-0.45/PR 0.02; 95% CI 0.01-021), and hypertension (PR 0.06; 95% CI 0.02-0.50/PR 0.02; 95% CI 0.01-0.21). A greater adherence to the "Healthy" pattern was associated with lower values to cardiometabolic risk markers and less occurrence of chronic diseases, while the "Traditional" pattern presented contradictory results.

Dietary Pattern and Macronutrients Profile on the Variation of Inflammatory Biomarkers: Scientific Update.

It is known that the dietary pattern and macronutrients profile may influence the expression and secretion of inflammatory biomarkers, and the low-grade inflammation is associated with the manifestation of noncommunicable chronic diseases. Therefore, this review aimed to present and discuss the role of dietary patterns and macronutrients on the variation of inflammatory markers related to NCD risk. Scientific evidences within the last five years based on clinical trials, case-controls, cohorts, and cross-sectional studies indicate that normocaloric, carbohydrate-moderated, low-glycemic index, protein-moderated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acid-rich, omega-3, and low-saturated fat diets display positive effects on the inflammatory state, both in healthy individuals and in those with cardiovascular risk, although the second group seems to benefit more from changes in the dietary profile.

Inverse association of calcium intake with abdominal adiposity and C-reactive protein in Brazilian children.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate Ca intake and its association with cardiometabolic risk factors during childhood. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study with a representative sample. Food consumption was assessed through three 24 h dietary recalls. Anthropometry, body composition and biochemical measurements were also conducted. SETTING: Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil. SUBJECTS: Children between 8 and 9 years old (n 350) enrolled in public and private schools in the urban area of the municipality of Viçosa. RESULTS: Almost all children had inadequate intake of Ca (97·4 %), especially those with low income, non-white and who studied in public schools. Foods that contributed most to Ca intake were 'milk' and 'cheeses and yoghurts' (R 2=0·66 and 0·13, respectively), and intake of 'milk' was correlated with 'chocolate milk powder' intake (r=0·538, P<0·01). Children with lower Ca intake had a higher prevalence of increased C-reactive protein (prevalence ratio=2·93; 95 % CI 1·21, 7·07), increased waist circumference (prevalence ratio=2·86; 95 % CI 1·01, 8·13) and a lower prevalence of high LDL cholesterol (prevalence ratio=0·64; 95 % CI 0·41, 0·99). CONCLUSIONS: Lower Ca intake was associated with excess abdominal adiposity and subclinical inflammation in Brazilian children. Monitoring of adequate Ca intake is important, especially in poorer communities.