Health and Racial Disparities: Importance of Accurate and Reliable Ethnicity, Race, and Language Data.

Introduction: Accurate demographic data are essential to identify and monitor differences, trends, and changes in diabetes-related conditions between Hispanics and non-Hispanic Blacks (NHBs). It also provides pertinent information to reduce health and racial disparities among English- and Spanish-speakers. Method: The study's design was a quantitative cross-sectional one. Electronic medical record (EMR) and survey data of the same sample were compared. Descriptive statistics were computed for ethnicity, preferred language, and physiological data. Frequency and percentages were calculated for each continuous and categorical variable. Chi-square was calculated to compare physiological variables by ethnicity and language. Results: During a 5-month period (September 2021-February 2022), 106 individuals from New York City with diabetes took part in this study. Among Hispanics, most from the EMR identified as Other (82.4%), whereas from the survey, most identified as White (57.1%). More Hispanics (19%) and Spanish speakers (18%) had high triglyceride levels compared to NHBs (2%) and English speakers (3%). Conclusion: Ensuring that demographic data are accurate can better inform programs. Because Hispanics and Spanish speakers had the highest triglyceride levels, diabetes programs need to include information on cardiovascular disease and must be available in Spanish, to further reduce risk factors, improve health outcomes, and promote health equity among these populations.

COVID-19 survey among NYC non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic/Latino adults with diabetes.

OBJECTIVES: To better understand the knowledge, practice, importance, awareness, usefulness, and confidence of non-Hispanic Black and English- and Spanish-speaking Hispanic/Latino adults with diabetes. DESIGN: A descriptive cross-sectional survey study design was used and descriptive statistics was conducted. SAMPLE: Non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic/Latino adults with diabetes were recruited from three New York City public hospitals. MEASUREMENTS: A one-time survey was delivered via email, text message or over the phone. RESULTS: Of the 96 participants, 47.9% were Hispanic/Latino and 52.1% were non-Hispanic Black individuals; 43.8% of the surveys were completed in Spanish and 56.3% in English; 41.7% were female and 58.3% male; 77.1% preferred to complete the survey via the telephone, 14.6% through email, and 8.3% via text message. Chi-square findings showed, 90.6% knew mask wearing prevented COVID-19; 96.9% knew that covering the nose and mouth during mask wearing is needed, 93.8% wore a mask, and 92.8% felt it important or very important to wear a mask to prevent the spread of COVID-19. For social distancing, 88.5% knew it prevented the spread of COVID-19, 93.8% practiced it, and 95.8% felt it important or very important. CONCLUSION: In having a better understanding of the knowledge and practices of COVID-19 among non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic populations with diabetes, the development of culturally and linguistically tailored community-based mitigation strategies can be developed that are aimed at improving the preparedness of these groups for the next emerging infectious disease, such as COVID-19.

Advocacy and policy in action: Developing a financial and healthcare safety net for nurses.

INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic has opened a dialogue regarding advocacy and policy changes that need to occur at the federal, state, and local levels to ensure provisions for the financial and healthcare well-being of nurses. Often nurses struggle as the "breadwinners" in their families caring for multiple generations, thus leading them to live paycheck to paycheck. DESIGN: A review of current and proposed policy changes. The pandemic demonstrated clearly through governmental executive orders that laws and regulations could be changed more rapidly than the traditional routes, illustrating an ability to enact change in nursing practice. At the federal level, provisions are not made to ensure that nurses who risk their lives during pandemic times are adequately compensated monetarily and through extended healthcare benefits, often provided for police, fire, and other emergency personnel. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS: Suggestions for new policy and advocacy agendas are proposed based on the gap in coverage noted during and after this pandemic. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: COVID-19 has brought to the forefront gaps in the financial and healthcare safety nets for nurses in the United States. Opportunities exist to inform via advocacy and policy reform at the federal, state, and local governmental agencies regarding the need for extended financial and healthcare provisions for nurses.