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1.
Clin Dev Immunol ; 2013: 236081, 2013.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23533453

ABSTRACT

In 54 adult stem cell transplant recipients, the presence and persistence of human rhinoviruses (including the novel lineage C) were evaluated by molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis, independently from respiratory symptoms. In the same group of patients, the presence of other coinfecting respiratory pathogens, including the novel enterovirus 109, was also evaluated.


Subject(s)
Enterovirus Infections/diagnosis , Enterovirus/genetics , Lung/metabolism , Picornaviridae Infections/diagnosis , Postoperative Complications/diagnosis , RNA, Viral/analysis , Rhinovirus/genetics , Stem Cell Transplantation , Adult , Coinfection/diagnosis , Coinfection/etiology , Enterovirus Infections/etiology , Follow-Up Studies , Genotype , Humans , Lung/virology , Pathology, Molecular , Phylogeny , Picornaviridae Infections/etiology , Retrospective Studies
2.
Virol J ; 9: 183, 2012 Sep 04.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22947270

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: A novel human enterovirus (HEV) type within the species HEV-C, named EV109, was discovered from cases of respiratory illness in Nicaragua in September 2010. The aim of this study, was to retrospectively examine the presence and the role of EV109 in respiratory samples from two patients populations; infants below the age of 2 years, hospitalized for acute respiratory diseases (ARDs) and adult hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients. RESULTS: A total of 1149 nasopharingeal aspirates were collected and tested for the presence of EV109 by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR). In positive samples, the presence of the most common respiratory viruses was also assayed and clinical symptoms were evaluated. Samples from 2 of the 974 infants tested positive for EV109 RNA (0.2%) and belonged to patients with lower ARDs; co-infection with other viral pathogens under study was observed in both cases. In transplant recipients, one out of the 175 samples analyzed, from a patients with upper respiratory simptoms tested positive for HEV 109 in the absence of co-infecting viruses. Sequence analysis of amplified EV109 genomic regions, showed only a few nucleotide differences when compared with the Nicaraguan strains. CONCLUSIONS: Overall these results indicate that HEV109 variants have circulated and differentiated in different lineages worldwide. Although more cases and larger studies are needed, HEV109 infection may be associated to ARDs both in infants and in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients. If these preliminary observations will be confirmed, improved molecular methods with a wider panel of potential pathogens will be useful for monitoring these categories of patients.


Subject(s)
Enterovirus Infections/epidemiology , Enterovirus Infections/pathology , Enterovirus/classification , Enterovirus/genetics , Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology , Respiratory Tract Infections/pathology , Cluster Analysis , Enterovirus/isolation & purification , Enterovirus Infections/virology , Genotype , Humans , Infant , Male , Molecular Epidemiology , Molecular Sequence Data , Nasopharynx/virology , Nicaragua/epidemiology , Phylogeny , RNA, Viral/genetics , Respiratory Tract Infections/virology , Retrospective Studies , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Sequence Analysis, DNA , Stem Cell Transplantation/adverse effects , Transplantation
3.
J Appl Oral Sci ; 20(3): 357-61, 2012.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22858704

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Lingual orthodontics is becoming more popular in dental practice. The purpose of the present investigation was to compare plaque formation on teeth bonded with the same bracket onto buccal or lingual surface, with non-bonded control teeth, via an in vivo growth experiment over a 30-day period. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A randomized controlled trial with split-mouth design was set up enrolling 20 dental students. Within each subject sites with buccal and lingual brackets and control sites were followed. Clinical periodontal parameters (periodontal pocket depth: PPD; bleeding on probing: BOP) were recorded at baseline and on days 1, 7 and 30. Microbiological samples were taken from the brackets and the teeth on days 1, 7 and 30 to detect colony-forming units (CFU). Total CFU, streptococci CFU and anaerobe CFU were measured. RESULTS: No significant differences (P>0.05) were found between buccal and lingual brackets in terms of clinical periodontal parameters and microbiological values. CONCLUSION: Bracket position does not have significant impact on bacterial load and on periodontal parameters.


Subject(s)
Dental Plaque/microbiology , Orthodontic Appliance Design , Orthodontic Brackets/microbiology , Periodontium/microbiology , Adult , Bacteria, Anaerobic/growth & development , Colony Count, Microbial , Dental Bonding , Female , Humans , Male , Streptococcus/growth & development , Surface Properties , Time Factors , Young Adult
4.
J. appl. oral sci ; 20(3): 357-361, May-June 2012. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-643734

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Lingual orthodontics is becoming more popular in dental practice. The purpose of the present investigation was to compare plaque formation on teeth bonded with the same bracket onto buccal or lingual surface, with non-bonded control teeth, via an in vivo growth experiment over a 30-day period. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A randomized controlled trial with split-mouth design was set up enrolling 20 dental students. Within each subject sites with buccal and lingual brackets and control sites were followed. Clinical periodontal parameters (periodontal pocket depth: PPD; bleeding on probing: BOP) were recorded at baseline and on days 1, 7 and 30. Microbiological samples were taken from the brackets and the teeth on days 1, 7 and 30 to detect colony-forming units (CFU). Total CFU, streptococci CFU and anaerobe CFU were measured. RESULTS: No significant differences (P>0.05) were found between buccal and lingual brackets in terms of clinical periodontal parameters and microbiological values. Conclusion: Bracket position does not have significant impact on bacterial load and on periodontal parameters.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Young Adult , Dental Plaque/microbiology , Orthodontic Appliance Design , Orthodontic Brackets/microbiology , Periodontium/microbiology , Bacteria, Anaerobic/growth & development , Colony Count, Microbial , Dental Bonding , Surface Properties , Streptococcus/growth & development , Time Factors
5.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother ; 54(4): 1616-8, 2010 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20086151

ABSTRACT

The new antitubercular drug candidate 2-[2-S-methyl-1,4-dioxa-8-azaspiro[4.5]dec-8-yl]-8-nitro-6-(trifluoromethyl)-4H-1,3-benzothiazin-4-one (BTZ043) targets the DprE1 (Rv3790) subunit of the enzyme decaprenylphosphoryl-beta-d-ribose 2'-epimerase. To monitor the potential development of benzothiazinone (BTZ) resistance, a total of 240 sensitive and multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates from four European hospitals were surveyed for the presence of mutations in the dprE1 gene and for BTZ susceptibility. All 240 strains were susceptible, thus establishing the baseline prior to the introduction of BTZ043 in clinical trials.


Subject(s)
Antitubercular Agents/pharmacology , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/drug effects , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolation & purification , Spiro Compounds/pharmacology , Thiazines/pharmacology , Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/drug therapy , Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/microbiology , Base Sequence , DNA Primers/genetics , DNA, Bacterial/genetics , Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial/genetics , Europe , Genes, Bacterial , Humans , In Vitro Techniques , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Mutation , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/enzymology , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genetics , Racemases and Epimerases/genetics
6.
J Med Virol ; 82(1): 153-6, 2010 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19950241

ABSTRACT

Polyomaviruses KI (KIPyV) and WU (WUPyV) were described recently in children with acute respiratory disease. The pathogenic potential of these human viruses has not been determined completely, but a correlation between immunosuppression and virus reactivation has been suggested. In the present study, the association between KI/WUPyV infection and immunosuppression was investigated using sequential nasopharyngeal aspirates from asymptomatic adult hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. In parallel, an investigation on the WU/KIPyV prevalence in children with acute respiratory disease was also carried out. Two of the 126 samples obtained from the 31 hematopoietic transplant recipients were positive for KIPyV (1 sample, 0.79%) and WUPyV (1 sample, 0.79%). Both samples were obtained 15 days after allogeneic transplantation and virus persistence was not observed in subsequent samples. In symptomatic children, 7 of the 486 nasopharyngeal aspirates were positive for WUPyV (1.4%) and 1 for KIPyV (0.2%). Single polyomavirus infection was detected in four patients, whereas the remaining patients were co-infected with respiratory syncityal virus (three patients) or adenovirus (one patient). The results suggest that WU/KIPyVs have a limited circulation in Italy and a low pathogenic potential in young children. Brief and asymptomatic infection can occur in hematopoietic transplant recipients.


Subject(s)
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/adverse effects , Molecular Epidemiology , Polyomavirus Infections/epidemiology , Polyomavirus , Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology , Tumor Virus Infections/epidemiology , Acute Disease , Adult , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Immunocompromised Host , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Italy/epidemiology , Male , Nasopharynx/virology , Polyomavirus/classification , Polyomavirus/genetics , Polyomavirus/isolation & purification , Polyomavirus Infections/virology , Prevalence , Respiratory Tract Infections/virology , Seasons , Transplantation, Homologous/adverse effects , Tumor Virus Infections/virology
7.
Acta Paediatr ; 95(12): 1582-5, 2006 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17129966

ABSTRACT

AIM: To evaluate a) the safety and immunogenicity of anti-HAV-inactivated vaccine administered during the first year of life to anti-HAV seronegative babies, and b) the antibody persistence in a low/intermediate endemic area. METHODS: After having obtained informed written consent from mothers, 92 babies were vaccinated at 4 and 10 mo of age. All babies were seronegative at birth and did not present HAV-RNA shedding in three serial stool samples taken at 1, 2 and 3 mo of age. RESULTS: No general side effects (fever > 38 degrees C) were observed. After the first dose of vaccine, 70/82 (85.4%) babies developed anti-HAV > 10 mIU/ml and 36/82 (43.9%) > 20 mIU/ml. After the second dose of vaccine, all babies developed a titre > 20 mIU/ml, and GMT was 877 mIU/ml. After 1 y of follow-up, the decreasing rate was similar to that reported for adult populations. Furthermore, three babies doubled the titre observed 1 mo after the second dose, indicating the possible spread of HAV even in a low/intermediate endemic area. CONCLUSION: Anti-HAV vaccine is safe, immunogenic and able to induce immune memory, and can be integrated into the routine infant immunization schedule during the first year of life.


Subject(s)
Hepatitis A Vaccines/administration & dosage , Hepatitis A/prevention & control , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Follow-Up Studies , Hepatitis A/immunology , Humans , Immunization Schedule , Infant
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