Treatment of keloids and hypertrophic scars. Position statement of the Brazilian expert group GREMCIQ.

Keloids (K) and hypertrophic scars (HS) are abnormal responses to wound healing that occur as the result of dermal inflammation. Despite the advances on their treatment, many patients still suffer from the negative effects of excessive scarring; its approach is impaired by the lack of objective data on different treatments and the large genetic variability among patients and the difficulties in producing multicentre studies. Their incidence among the Brazilian population is high, as the result of an admixture of Amerindians, Europeans and Africans ancestral roots. With the aim of producing multicentre studies on K and HS, a panel of senior Brazilian dermatologists focused on their treatment was invited to contribute with the K and HS Treatment Brazilian Guidelines. In the first part of this study, different treatment modalities for keloids and HS are fully reviewed by the panel. The second part of the study presents a consensus recommendation of treatment for different types of lesions. More than a literature review, this article aims to show the pitfalls and pearls of each therapeutic option, as well as a therapeutic approach by the Panel of Experts on keloids and Scars on a highly mixed population, providing simple guidelines.

Aspectos anátomo-histológicos e neuroendócrinos do ceco da capivara hydrochoerus hydrochaeris linnaeus, 1766 (mammalia, rodentia) / Anatomical, histological and neuron endocrine aspects of the cecum of capybara hydrochoerus hydrochaeris linnaeus, 1766 (mammalia, rodentia) / Aspectos anatómicos, histológicos y neuroendocrinos del intestino grueso (ceco)en el carpincho Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris Linnaeus, 1766 (Mammalia, Rodentia)

A capivara, um roedor herbívoro de estômago simples, vem despontando-se no mercado de carnes por ter um excelente desempenho zootécnico. Sua carne é apreciada; apresenta elevado potencial reprodutivo e manifesta eficiente aproveitamento dos alimentos. Ele, provavelmente, seja conseqüência da realização da cecotrofagia, que faz do ceco, importante órgão na fisiologia digestiva desse animal, proporcionando maior aproveitamento do alimento. Na capivara, o ceco é bastante volumoso, saculado, ocupando grande parte da cavidade abdominal, e microscopicamente apresenta numerosos gânglios nervosos e células endócrinas.

ABSTRACT: The capybara, a simple stomach herbivorous rodent, has been pointed out in the market of meats for having an excellent zootechnical performance. Its meat is appreciated, and presents high reproductive potential and manifests effi cient food usage. The last item is probably a consequence of the cecotrophagy operation, which makes the cecum, an important organ in the digestive physiology of such animal, providing larger food usage. This organ in the capybara is quite voluminous, sacciform, occupying great part of the abdominal cavity and it presents microscopically numerous nervous ganglions and endocrine cells

RESUMEN: El carpincho, un roedor herbívoro de estómago simples, ha estado en el mercado de las carnes por tener un excelente desarrollo zootécnico. Su carne es apreciada, presenta elevado potencial reproductor y aprovecha de forma efi caz su alimentación. Probablemente esto sea una consecuencia de la cecotrofagia, que hace del intestino grueso (ceco) un importante órgano de la fi siologia digestiva de este animal, el cual proporciona un mayor aprovechamiento del alimento. Este órgano en el carpincho se encuentra con gran volumen, en forma de bolsa, ocupando gran parte de la cavidad abdominal y microscopicamente presenta muchos ganglios nerviosos y células endocrinas