ABSTRACT
A sandwich type confectionery product is made with a soft filling and a chocolate coating. The fats used for these two parts are generally different to provide specific organoleptic sensations. Thus, their compositions, in terms of the triacylglycerols (TAGs) profile, are different. Depending on the ambient temperature conditions, the chemical potential gradient at the interface for TAGs, and the microstructures in the bulk of two parts, the migration of TAGs is influenced. We have studied the impact of different filling recipes on the migration of specific TAGs from the filling to the coating and vice versa with a newly developed tool, referred to as lipstick method. Also, the influence of the micro-aeration of the filling on the transfer process is evaluated. Furthermore, Fick's law of diffusion-based model is developed. The migration of TAGs as predicted by the model is compared to the experimental measurements, and limitations of the model are discussed. This approach can be used to tune the recipes of coating and filling to enhance the shelf-life stability of such products while delivering on specific liking attributes of taste.
Subject(s)
Chocolate , Fats , Triglycerides , Fats/chemistry , Candy , DiffusionABSTRACT
Introduction: Molar protraction can be used in several clinical situations. It provides a real service to the patient, when it makes it possible to replace an implant, for example, or in case of a very damaged molar compared to the patient's age. Material and Method: In this article, the authors describe the different molar mesialization systems in the vestibular multi-attachment technique, outlining the biomechanics of each. Discussion: The mini-screws introduction in the practices has made it possible to improve the anchorage management, which is essential in this therapy. However, it is not always offered, depending on the patient's wishes, but also sometimes of the orthodontist's. Conclusion: The different biomechanical situations analyzed each have their own characteristics, advantages and disadvantages. A methodical reflection must lead the practitioner to choose the system that suits him, according to his experience and practice, in order to implement this therapy for the well-being of his patients.
Introduction: La mésialisation molaire peut trouver son indication dans plusieurs situations cliniques. Elle apporte un réel service au patient lorsqu'elle permet de se substituer à un implant, par exemple, ou en présence d'une molaire dont l'état de délabrement est très avancé par rapport à l'âge du patient. Matériel et méthode: Dans cet article, les auteurs décrivent les différents systèmes de mésialisation molaire en technique multi-attache vestibulaire, en exposant la biomécanique de chacun d'eux. Discussion: La démocratisation des mini-vis a permis de mieux gérer l'ancrage, primordial dans cette thérapeutique. Néanmoins, la mésialisation n'est pas toujours proposée, au regard de la volonté du patient, mais aussi parfois du praticien. Conclusion: Les différentes situations biomécaniques analysées possèdent chacune leurs caractéristiques, leurs avantages et leurs inconvénients propres. Une réflexion méthodique doit amener le praticien à choisir le système qui lui convient, en fonction de son expérience et de sa pratique, afin de mettre en Åuvre cette thérapeutique pour le bien de ses patients.
Subject(s)
Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures , Tooth Movement Techniques , Biomechanical Phenomena , Humans , Male , Molar , Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures/methodsABSTRACT
From two-drop collision experiments, it is known that local extensional flow favors coalescence. Recently, Bremond et al. used microfluidic methods to evidence this point. Similarly, we used specific microfluidic geometries to impose sudden extensional flow, following drop collision under controlled conditions, and coalescence events were recorded with a high-speed camera. In this study we focus on the effect of surfactant on the coalescence, or stabilisation against it, between drops flowing apart due to either imposed external flow or capillary forces related to drop shape relaxation. Coalescence can be induced even when drops are initially separated by an intersticial lubricating film by far thicker than the critical thickness for rupturing under the action of Van der Waals forces. This is particularly relevant to avalanches of coalescence events, in flowing or even quiescent emulsions or foams. When non-ionic surfactant was used, it was observed that small concentrations apparently enhance coalescence in extension. But at higher concentrations it provides stabilisation through a specific mechanism of thread formation and rupture; the stabilisation mechanism can be complex.
ABSTRACT
In this paper we describe the construction and performance of high pressure magic angle inserts made from the polymer PEEK. The inserts were designed to fit inside standard commercial 7 mm magic angle spinning rotors and spin at the maximum frequency of the probe. The sample volume of the inserts was 100 microL. A gas loading chamber that operates at room temperature is described. The performance of the inserts is discussed for a number of gases in terms of resolution as a function of spinning speed and leakage of the gas due to permeation through the polymer. Finally, some preliminary results are shown in relation to complex food materials.
