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1.
Pediatr. catalan ; 81(2): 71-76, Abril - Juny 2021. tab, graf
Article in Catalan | IBECS | ID: ibc-218056

ABSTRACT

Fonament. Les intoxicacions han sofert canvis al llarg deltemps en relació amb l’etiologia, el maneig i les complicacions. Conèixer-ne l’epidemiologia ajuda a generar mesurespreventives.Objectiu. Analitzar les característiques epidemiològiques iclíniques, el pronòstic i la mortalitat de les intoxicacions enun servei d’urgències pediàtriques.Mètode. Estudi descriptiu, retrospectiu, observacional. Període: vuit anys. Es van incloure menors de divuit anys ambsospita d’intoxicació atesos a urgències que van requeriringrés hospitalari o observació. Anàlisi feta mitjançant elprograma SPSS.Resultats. Es van incloure cinquanta-dos pacients, delsquals trenta-tres van ser menors de sis anys (63,5%) i dinou majors de dotze anys (36,5%). Tots els successos enels menors de sis anys van ser involuntaris. El 94,7% deles intoxicacions en els majors de dotze anys van ser intencionades, de les quals el 72,2% tenien intenció suïcida.Els tòxics més freqüents van ser els medicaments (63,4%),seguits de les drogues il·lícites (15,4%). El 50% del totald’intoxicacions va presentar alteració del nivell de consciència i el 28,8% va requerir suport respiratori. Enl’11,5% es va fer rentat gàstric i en el 30% es va administrar carbó activat. L’alteració del nivell de consciència vaser l’únic factor significatiu (p<0,05) associat a l’ingrés ala Unitat de Cures Intensives Pediàtriques (UCIP).Conclusions. Les intoxicacions predominaren en els menors de sis anys. Del total d’intoxicacions, la medicamentosa va ser la causa més freqüent, seguida de les drogues il·lícites.El factor clínic més relacionat amb l’ingrés a la UCIP va serl’alteració de la consciència. (AU)


Fundamento. Las intoxicaciones han sufrido cambios a lo largo del tiempo en etiología, manejo y complicaciones. Conocer su epidemiología ayuda a generar medidas preventivas. Objetivo. Analizar las características epidemiológicas y clínicas, el pronóstico y la mortalidad de las intoxicaciones en un servicio de urgencias pediátricas. Método. Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, observacional. Periodo:8 años. Se incluyó a los menores de 18 años con sospecha de intoxicación atendidos en urgencias que requirieron ingreso u observación. Análisis realizado mediante el programa SPSS. Resultados. Se incluyeron 52 pacientes, de los cuales 33 fueron menores de 6 años (63,5%) y 19 mayores de 12 años (36,5%).Todos los eventos en los menores de 6 años fueron involuntarios. El 94,7% de las intoxicaciones en los mayores de 12 años fueron intencionadas, de las cuales el 72,2% tenían intención suicida. La causa medicamentosa (63,4%) fue la más frecuente, seguida por las drogas ilícitas (15,4%). El 50% del total de intoxicaciones presentaron alteración del nivel de consciencia y el 28,8% precisó soporte respiratorio. En el 11,5% se realizó lavado gástrico y en el30% se administró carbón activado. La alteración del nivel de consciencia fue el único factor significativo (p<0,05) asociado con el ingreso en la unidad de cuidados intensivos pediátricos (UCIP).Conclusiones. Las intoxicaciones predominaron en los menores de6 años. Del total de intoxicaciones, la medicamentosa fue la causa más frecuente, seguida por las drogas ilícitas. El factor clínico más relacionado con el ingreso a UCIP fue la alteración del nivel de consciencia. (AU)


Background. Poisonings in pediatrics have undergone changes overtime in terms of etiology, management, and complications. It is important to know the epidemiology to generate preventive measures. Objective. To analyze the epidemiology, clinical characteristics,prognosis, and mortality of poisonings in pediatric patients caredfor in the emergency department.Method. This is a descriptive, retrospective and observationalstudy. Period: 8 years. Patients under 18 with suspected poisoningadmitted in the emergency department were included. The statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS program.Results. 52 patients were selected, 33 under 6 years of age (63.5%)and 19 over 12 years (36.5%). All events in children under 6 wereunintentional. 94.7% of poisonings in patients over 12 years of agewere intentional, of which 72.2% had a suicidal intention. Pharmacologic agents (63.4%) were the most frequently identified ingestedsubstance, followed by illicit drugs (15.4%). 50% of all cases hadaltered level of consciousness and 28.8% required respiratory support. Gastric lavage was performed in 11.5% and activated charcoalwas administered in 30%. Altered level of consciousness was theonly significant factor (p<0.05) associated with admission to thepediatric intensive care unit (PICU).Conclusions. Poisoning cases were more frequent in children under6 years. Pharmacologic agents were the most frequently identifiedpoisoning substances, followed by illicit drugs. Decreased consciousness was the most significant clinical factor leading to admission to the PICU. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Adolescent , Poisoning/diagnosis , Poisoning/therapy , Illicit Drugs/adverse effects , Illicit Drugs/toxicity , Glasgow Coma Scale/statistics & numerical data , Intensive Care Units/statistics & numerical data , Hospitalization , Pediatrics , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Retrospective Studies
2.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 23(89): 71-74, ene.-mar. 2021.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-202616

ABSTRACT

El síndrome neuroléptico maligno es una urgencia pediátrica con una elevada morbimortalidad, relacionada con alteración de sistema de neurotransmisión dopaminérgico. Se caracteriza por hipertermia junto con hipertonía muscular, alteración autonómica y de los niveles de conciencia. Un diagnóstico precoz es imprescindible para prevenir complicaciones comunes como la broncoaspiración, desgaste, escaras, procesos infecciosos y cambios neuropsiquiátricos. El tratamiento debe incluir en medidas generales de soporte y terapéutica farmacológica sintomática. Pese a que la mayoría de los casos descritos corresponden a población adulta, también se ha descrito en niños y adolescentes. Presentamos un caso de síndrome neuroléptico maligno en un adolescente de 12 años con encefalopatía y tetraparesia espática secundario al cese de la administración de baclofeno


Neuroleptic malignant syndrome is a pediatric emergency with high morbidity and mortality, related to an alteration of the dopaminergic neurotransmission system. It is characterized by hyperthermia along with muscular hypertonia, dysautonomia, and altered level of consciousness. An early diagnosis is essential to prevent common complications such as bronchoaspiration, wear, bedsores, infectious processes, and neuropsychiatric changes. Treatment should include general support measures and symptomatic pharmacological therapy. Although most of the cases described correspond to the adulthood, it has also been described in children and adolescents. We present a case of neuroleptic malignant syndrome in a 12-year-old adolescent with encephalopathy and spastic tetraparesis secondary to the cessation of baclofen administration


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child , Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome/diagnostic imaging , Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome/therapy , Quadriplegia/complications , Fluid Therapy/methods , Pediatric Emergency Medicine/methods , Early Diagnosis , Brain Diseases , Gastrostomy/methods , Leukocytosis/complications , Intensive Care Units, Pediatric , Muscle Hypertonia/drug therapy , Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination/therapeutic use , Baclofen/administration & dosage
5.
Med. clín (Ed. impr.) ; 151(10): 390-396, nov. 2018. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-174026

ABSTRACT

Introducción y objetivo: El objetivo es conocer la evolución de la enfermedad meningocócica en la ciudad de Barcelona entre 1988 y 2015 y evaluar el impacto de la vacuna contra el serogrupo C. Materiales y métodos: Se analizó la evolución de casos de enfermedad meningocócica y por serogrupo a partir del registro de enfermedades de declaración obligatoria. Se comparó la incidencia de todos los serogrupos antes y después de la introducción de la vacunación contra el serogrupo C en el año 2000. Se analizó la cobertura vacunal entre los casos, el serogrupo entre casos vacunados y la tasa de mortalidad y letalidad. Resultados: La enfermedad meningocócica ha pasado de una incidencia en menores de un año de 63,09 casos por 100.000 en 1997-2000 a 15,44 en 2001-2015. Todos los serogrupos han disminuido su incidencia tras la implementación vacunal, especialmente en niños de uno a 4 años para el C. A partir del 2000 la cobertura vacunal en los casos por este serogrupo era del 7,6% y en los afectos por el B era del 35,0% (p<0,01). De los vacunados, el 66,4% de los casos fue serogrupo B y un 5,2% fue C (p<0,01). La tasa global de letalidad y de mortalidad fue del 7,7% y del 0,19/100.000 respectivamente, sin cambios significativos en el tiempo en cuanto a la letalidad. Conclusiones: La incidencia por serogrupo C y también por B ha disminuido tras la vacunación sistemática contra el serogrupo C. La vacunación contra el serogrupo B podría reducir aún más esta grave enfermedad con una letalidad importante que no ha disminuido en todo el periodo


Introduction and objective: The purpose of this study was to describe the evolution of meningococcal disease (MD) in the city of Barcelona between 1988 and 2015 and to assess the impact of the vaccine against serogroup C. Materials and methodology: The evolution of MD and by serogroup was analysed using the information included in the mandatory notification diseases registry. Incidences of all serogroups between the periods of before and after the implementation of the serogroup C vaccine in 2000 were compared. Vaccination coverage among cases, serogroup among vaccinated cases and mortality and case fatality rates were analysed. Results: MD has evolved from an incidence rate in children aged under 1 of 63.09 cases per 100,000 in 1997-2000 to 15.44 per 100,000 in 2001-2015. All MD serogroups incidences decreased after the implementation of the vaccine, especially for serogroup C among children aged between 1 and 4. Since 2000 vaccine coverage in MD cases by this serogroup was 7.6% while in those affected by serogroup B it was 35.0% (p<.01). Among those vaccinated, 66.4% of cases were serogroup B and 5.2% were C (p<.01). Mortality and case fatality rates were 7.7% and 0.19/100,000 respectively, without significant changes in time regarding case fatality. Conclusions: Incidence caused by serogroups B and C has decreased after the systematic vaccination against serogroup C. Vaccination against serogroup B could further reduce the impact of this lethal disease which has not decreased during this period


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Meningitis, Meningococcal/epidemiology , Meningococcal Vaccines/therapeutic use , Neisseria meningitidis, Serogroup C , Mortality , Spain/epidemiology , Meningitis, Meningococcal/mortality , Meningitis, Meningococcal/prevention & control , Cohort Studies , Incidence , Disease Notification , Retrospective Studies , Observational Study , Neisseria meningitidis, Serogroup C/pathogenicity , Microbial Sensitivity Tests/methods
6.
Med Clin (Barc) ; 151(10): 390-396, 2018 11 21.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29503027

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to describe the evolution of meningococcal disease (MD) in the city of Barcelona between 1988 and 2015 and to assess the impact of the vaccine against serogroup C. MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY: The evolution of MD and by serogroup was analysed using the information included in the mandatory notification diseases registry. Incidences of all serogroups between the periods of before and after the implementation of the serogroup C vaccine in 2000 were compared. Vaccination coverage among cases, serogroup among vaccinated cases and mortality and case fatality rates were analysed. RESULTS: MD has evolved from an incidence rate in children aged under 1 of 63.09 cases per 100,000 in 1997-2000 to 15.44 per 100,000 in 2001-2015. All MD serogroups incidences decreased after the implementation of the vaccine, especially for serogroup C among children aged between 1 and 4. Since 2000 vaccine coverage in MD cases by this serogroup was 7.6% while in those affected by serogroup B it was 35.0% (p<.01). Among those vaccinated, 66.4% of cases were serogroup B and 5.2% were C (p<.01). Mortality and case fatality rates were 7.7% and 0.19/100,000 respectively, without significant changes in time regarding case fatality. CONCLUSIONS: Incidence caused by serogroups B and C has decreased after the systematic vaccination against serogroup C. Vaccination against serogroup B could further reduce the impact of this lethal disease which has not decreased during this period.


Subject(s)
Meningococcal Infections/epidemiology , Meningococcal Vaccines/administration & dosage , Neisseria meningitidis, Serogroup C , Adolescent , Adult , Age Distribution , Aged , Child , Child, Preschool , Cities/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Incidence , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Meningococcal Infections/mortality , Middle Aged , Neisseria meningitidis, Serogroup B/isolation & purification , Neisseria meningitidis, Serogroup C/isolation & purification , Retrospective Studies , Spain/epidemiology , Vaccination , Young Adult
7.
BMJ Case Rep ; 20172017 Apr 26.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28446488

ABSTRACT

We present the case of a 21-month-old girl with two rare and life-threatening conditions, atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome (aHUS) and haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), triggered by a cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. Soon after admission, the girl became anuric and required continuous venovenous haemodiafiltration.Initial treatments included methylprednisolone, fibrinogen and plasma infusion (for HLH), plasmapheresis (for thrombotic microangiopathy), immunoglobulins (for inflammation), ganciclovir (for CMV infection) and the antibiotic cefotaxime. On day 5, eculizumab (600 mg) was given for aHUS, with rapid improvement in haematological and nephrological parameters. Despite a subsequent isolated episode of right heart thrombosis that resolved with heparin treatment, the patient showed a favourable response to eculizumab (300 mg/15 days), with improved renal function, normal haematological values, and no treatment complications. In conclusion, eculizumab effectively treated aHUS in this case despite a comorbid immunological disease.


Subject(s)
Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/administration & dosage , Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome/drug therapy , Cytomegalovirus Infections/drug therapy , Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic/drug therapy , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use , Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome/etiology , Female , Humans , Infant , Kidney Function Tests , Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic/etiology , Treatment Outcome
8.
Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol ; 39(7): 1066-9, 2016 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26850734

ABSTRACT

Haemorrhagic cystitis is an uncommon and, in its severe form, potentially life-threatening complication of haematopoietic stem cell transplantation or cancer therapy in children. The severe form involves macroscopic haematuria with blood clots, urinary obstruction and/or renal impairment. There are many therapeutic options to treat acute haemorrhage, but only recombinant factor VII has a high level of clinical evidence in children. Supraselective vesical artery embolization (SVAE) is an increasingly used therapeutic procedure for controlling haemorrhage in adults, but is less commonly used in children. This might be due to several factors, such as the invasive nature of the procedure, lack of appropriate medical experience and possible long-term side effects. We present three cases of children successfully treated by means of effective SVAE.


Subject(s)
Cystitis/therapy , Embolization, Therapeutic/methods , Hematuria/therapy , Urinary Bladder/blood supply , Adolescent , Adult , Arteries , Child , Child, Preschool , Cystitis/etiology , Female , Hematuria/etiology , Humans , Infant , Male
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