ABSTRACT
Objectives: This repeated cross-sectional study aimed to (a) report trends in adolescents' perceived family, friend, classmate, and teacher support, (b) estimate the extent to which each source of support related to life satisfaction across space and time, and (c) ascertain whether sociodemographic factors moderated the relationship in question. Methods: We relied on data pertaining to the 2013/14, 2017/18, and 2021/22 waves of the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study. The examined sample covered 44 countries and regions (n = 716,083; M AGE = 13.6; SD AGE = 1.64; 50.7% female). Results: The level of all sources of perceived social support slightly decreased over the examined period (all ω2 < .01). Family support involved the largest association with life satisfaction (ß = 0.16); friend support, the lowest one (ß = 0.03). These associations varied only tenuously across space and time. Sociodemographic factors moderated the link between perceived social support and life satisfaction to a negligible-to-weak extent. Conclusion: Levels of perceived social support and their associations with life satisfaction subtly changed. Future research may attempt to pinpoint the macrosocial levers of these temporal dynamics.
Subject(s)
Personal Satisfaction , Social Support , Humans , Female , Male , Adolescent , Cross-Sectional Studies , Sociodemographic Factors , Friends/psychologyABSTRACT
Burnout has been commonly regarded as a job-induced syndrome. In this 468-participant study (67% female; mean age: 46.48), we examined the extent to which individuals with burnout and depressive symptoms attribute these symptoms to their job. Fewer than half (44%) of the individuals with burnout symptoms viewed their job as the main cause of these symptoms. The proportion of participants ascribing their depressive symptoms to work was similar (39%). Results from correlation and cluster analyses were indicative of burnout-depression overlap. Our findings suggest that burnout may not be a specifically job-induced syndrome and further question the validity of the burnout construct.
Subject(s)
Burnout, Professional , Depression , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Adult , Burnout, Professional/epidemiology , Burnout, Professional/physiopathology , Burnout, Professional/psychology , Comorbidity , Depression/epidemiology , Depression/physiopathology , Depression/psychology , Female , Humans , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
We investigated whether burnout and depression differed in terms of public stigma and help-seeking attitudes and behaviors. Secondarily, we examined the overlap of burnout and depressive symptoms. A total of 1046 French schoolteachers responded to an Internet survey in November-December 2015. The survey included measures of public stigma, help-seeking attitudes and behaviors, burnout and depressive symptoms, self-rated health, neuroticism, extraversion, history of anxiety or depressive disorder, social desirability, and socio-demographic variables. The burnout label appeared to be less stigmatizing than the depression label. In either case, however, fewer than 1% of the participants exhibited stigma scores signaling agreement with the proposed stigmatizing statements. Help-seeking attitudes and behaviors did not differ between burnout and depression. Participants considered burnout and depression similarly worth-treating. A huge overlap was observed between the self-report, time-standardized measures of burnout and depressive symptoms (disattenuated correlation: .91). The overlap was further evidenced in a confirmatory factor analysis. Thus, while burnout and depression as syndromes are unlikely to be distinct, how burnout and depression are socially represented may differ. To our knowledge, this study is the first to compare burnout- and depression-related stigma and help-seeking in the French context. Cross-national, multi-occupational studies examining different facets of stigma are needed.
Subject(s)
Burnout, Professional/psychology , Depression/psychology , Depressive Disorder/psychology , Help-Seeking Behavior , Patient Acceptance of Health Care/psychology , Social Stigma , Adult , Anxiety/psychology , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , PersonalityABSTRACT
The aim of this study is twofold: first, to assess the statistical significance of the data used by Pierre Bourdieu in Distinction; second, to test the hypothesis that the volume of capital (i.e., the global amount of capital) allows for a finer discrimination of dispositional differences than the composition of capital (i.e., the respective weight of the different types of capital in the global amount of capital). To these ends, five data samples were submitted to bilateral between-proportion comparison tests. The findings (1) reveal that about two-thirds of the differences reported by P. Bourdieu are significant and (2) support the view that the volume of capital prevails over its composition.
ABSTRACT
Within the field-dominating, multidimensional theory of burnout, burnout is viewed as a work-specific condition. As a consequence, the burnout syndrome cannot be investigated outside of the occupational domain. In the present paper, this restrictive view of burnout's scope is criticized and a rationale to decide between a work-specific and a generic approach to burnout is presented. First, the idea that a multidimensional conception of burnout implies a work-restricted scope is deconstructed. Second, it is shown that the burnout phenomenon cannot be confined to work because chronic, unresolvable stress - the putative cause of burnout - is not limited to work. In support of an integrative view of health, it is concluded that the field-dominating, multidimensional theory of burnout should abandon as groundless the idea that burnout is a specifically job-related phenomenon and define burnout as a multi-domain syndrome. The shift from a work-specific to a generic approach would allow both finer analysis and wider synthesis in research on chronic stress and burnout.
