Validation of the Brazilian version of the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule in women with chronic pelvic pain / Validação da versão brasileira do World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule em mulheres com dor pélvica crônica

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) is a persistent pain perceived in structures related to the pelvis. It is often associated with negative functioning consequences that generate disability. There are currently no validated tools in the literature for measuring functioning according to the theoretical-conceptual model presented by the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) for patients with CPP. The objective of this study was to test the measurement properties of the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS 2.0) for women with CPP. METHODS: This is a validation study. The auxiliary instruments used in the validation process of the WHODAS 2.0 were: the 12-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12), the Numerical Pain Rating Scale, and a form with sociodemographic and clinical data. Internal consistency was analyzed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, construct validity was assessed using Spearman's correlation coefficient, discriminative validity was analyzed using the analysis of variance, and test-retest reliability was analyzed using the Intra-class Correlation Coefficient (ICC). RESULTS: The study included 128 women with CPP. Reliability analysis showed satisfactory results in terms of internal consistency (a=0.71 to 0.94) and excellent in test-retest reliability (IIC= 0.69 to 0.91). Validity analysis showed a strong to moderate correlation in construct validity between the total WHODAS score and the physical (rho=0.7, p<0.001) and mental components of the SF-12 (rho-0.67, p<0.0001), and statistically significant values for discriminative validity according to pain intensity in the last 30 days. CONCLUSION: The WHODAS 2.0 instrument proved to be a reliable and valid questionnaire for investigating the functioning and disability of women with CPE

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A dor pélvica crônica (DPC) é uma dor persistente percebida em estruturas relacionadas à pelve. Está frequentemente associada a consequências negativas que geram incapacidade, entretanto, atualmente não existem ferramentas validadas para medir a funcionalidade segundo a Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde (CIF) em pacientes com DPC. O objetivo deste estudo foi testar as propriedades de medida do World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS 2.0) para mulheres com DPC. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo de validação. Os instrumentos utilizados no processo de validação do WHODAS 2.0 foram: o 12-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12), a Escala Numérica da Dor e um formulário com dados sociodemográficos e clínicos. A consistência interna foi analisada pelo coeficiente alfa de Cronbach, a validade de construto foi avaliada pelo coeficiente de correlação de Spearman, a validade discriminativa foi analisada pela Análise de Variância e a confiabilidade teste-reteste foi analisada pelo coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (ICC). RESULTADOS: O estudo incluiu 128 mulheres com DPC. As análises de confiabilidade mostraram resultados satisfatórios em termos de consistência interna (a=0,71 a 0,94) e excelentes na confiabilidade teste-reteste (ICC=0,69 a 0,91). As análises de validade mostraram uma correlação forte a moderada na validade de construto entre o escore WHODAS total e os componentes físicos (rho=0,7, p<0,001) e mentais do SF-12 (rho=0,67, p<0,0001) e valores significativos para validade discriminativa de acordo com a intensidade da dor nos últimos 30 dias. CONCLUSÃO: O instrumento WHODAS 2.0 mostrou-se um questionário confiável e válido para investigar a funcionalidade de mulheres com DPC.

Pelvic floor ultrasound finds after episiotomy and severe perineal tear: systematic review and meta-analysis.

AIM: Vaginal delivery is a well-known risk factor for pelvic floor muscle (PFM) injuries, mainly when associated to prolonged labor, instrumental birth and perineal trauma such as episiotomy and perineal tears. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to test the hypothesis that episiotomy and severe perineal tear may increase the risk of pelvic floor damage. METHODS: We performed a systematic literature search through electronic databases including MEDLINE via PubMed, LILACS via BVS, Embase via Elsevier and Cochrane Library up to January 2019. We included articles that reported as outcome one or more morphological aspects of the PFM evaluated by ultrasonography in primiparous women three to 24 months postpartum. This review is registered in the PROSPERO database (registration number: CRD42017075750). RESULTS: the final selection was composed of 18 articles for the systematic review, and 10 for the meta-analysis. Women with levator ani muscle (LAM) avulsion were 1.77 times more likely to have undergone episiotomy (OR = 1.77, CI 95% 1.25-2.51, five trials), 4.31 times more likely to have severe perineal tear (OR = 4.31, CI 95% 2.34-7.91, two trials). Women with defects in the anal sphincters were 2.82 times more likely to have suffered severe perineal tear (OR = 2.82, 95% CI 1.71-4.67, three trials). CONCLUSIONS: Both episiotomy and severe perineal tear are risk factors for LAM avulsion and anal sphincter injury, and this can be useful for identifying women who are at greater risk of developing PFM dysfunctions.