ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The main objective was to investigate whether the prevalences of nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and reduced appetite varied by gender in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. We also evaluated whether these symptoms explain female-male difference in nutritional status. DESIGN: Cross section of baseline data of the Prospective Study of the Prognosis in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients. SETTING: Dialysis units in the city of Salvador, Brazil. PATIENTS: Three hundred ninety-seven men and 287 women with more than three months on MHD. PREDICTOR VARIABLE: Gender. OUTCOME MEASURES: The patient's self-reported nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and reduced appetite. The malnutrition-inflammation score (MIS) was used to assess nutritional status. RESULTS: The prevalence of symptoms was 24.3% for reduced appetite, 19.7% for nausea, 12.3% for vomiting, and 3.5% for diarrhea. In a logistic regression model with adjustments for age, diabetes, congestive heart failure, hemoglobin, albumin, Kt/V, and years on dialysis, women were found to have significantly higher odds of reduced appetite (odds ratio [OR] = 1.97), nausea (OR = 1.90), and vomiting (OR = 2.21). MIS was 5.41 ± 3.18 for women and 4.66 ± 3.28 for men (P = .002) corresponding to a percentage difference of 13.86%. The female-male difference reduced by more than half after excluding the gastrointestinal symptoms component and by approximately 65% after excluding both the gastrointestinal symptoms and the dietary intake components from the MIS. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the prevalences of nausea, vomiting, and reduced appetite are higher in women than in men on MHD. These gastrointestinal symptoms and perhaps their detrimental effects on dietary intake may partially explain a poorer nutritional status in MHD women.
Subject(s)
Diarrhea/epidemiology , Nausea/epidemiology , Nutritional Status , Renal Dialysis/adverse effects , Vomiting/epidemiology , Adult , Aged , Appetite , Brazil , Chronic Disease , Cross-Sectional Studies , Diarrhea/etiology , Diarrhea/physiopathology , Female , Humans , Inflammation/complications , Inflammation/physiopathology , Logistic Models , Male , Malnutrition/complications , Malnutrition/physiopathology , Middle Aged , Nausea/etiology , Nausea/physiopathology , Odds Ratio , Prevalence , Prognosis , Prospective Studies , Self Report , Sex Factors , Vomiting/etiology , Vomiting/physiopathologyABSTRACT
Utilizando-se das informaçöes contidas nos prontuários médicos dos pacientes que se encontravam internados no Hospital Professor Edgard Santos da Universidade Federal da Bahia, no período de 16/05/85 a 13/06/85, descreveram-se entre outros indicadores a incidência da infecçäo hospitalar total e específica por enfermaria de ocorrência e pelo tempo de permanência. A taxa encontrada foi de 5,13 por 1000 pacientes-dia, sendo que as enfermarias de Oftalmologia, Pediatria e Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias foram as que apresentaram maior risco. As infecçöes do aparelho respiratório e aparelho urinário apresentaram-se com maior freqüência. Verificou-se também que o risco do paciente apresentar infecçäo hospitalar aumentou na medida em que também aumentava o seu tempo médio de permanência no hospital, exceto para aqueles que ficaram internados por mais de 30 dias
