Volumetric dimensional changes of autogenous bone and the mixture of hydroxyapatite and autogenous bone graft in humans maxillary sinus augmentation. A multislice tomographic study.

PURPOSE: This multislice tomographic study evaluated the dimensional changes after maxillary sinus augmentation using autogenous bone or a mixture of hydroxyapatite and autogenous bone. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten selected patients, requiring a bilateral maxillary sinus augmentation, were divided, in a split mouth, design as follows: control group (CG n = 10 sinus grafted with autogenous bone) and test group (TG, n = 10 sinus grafted with a mixture of hydroxyapatite and autogenous bone at 80 : 20 w/w). Follow a healing period of 15 and 180 days, computed tomography (CT) measurements were taken by two blinded and calibrated examiners to verify the volumetric dimensional changes of the both groups. RESULTS: The interobserver agreement obtained ranged from good to excellent for both groups. Both groups presented significant dimensional changes after 180 days period healing (P < 0.05). The volumetric reduction in test group was lower (25.87%) when compared with the CG (42.30%) (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The both graft materials improved the bone volumetric ability to anchorage a dental implant. Moreover, the mixture of HA and autogenous bone graft showed lower degree of resorption and higher dimensional stability when compared with autogenous bone graft alone, at least at 180 days of healing. The CT exam protocol should be used as an important tool to measure bone grafts volumetric alterations.

Association of IL1 gene polymorphisms with chronic periodontitis in Brazilians.

UNLABELLED: Chronic periodontal disease (PD) is an infectious immune-inflammatory illness. Polymorphisms in IL1 genes play a role in inflammatory diseases through the modulation of cytokine levels. OBJECTIVE: this study aimed to investigate the association between polymorphisms in the IL1 gene cluster and chronic periodontitis in a Brazilian population. DESIGN: a sample of 113 subjects over 25 years (mean age 41.2) were grouped into: 44 healthy individuals, 31 subjects with moderate and 38 with severe periodontitis. DNA was obtained through a mouthwash and oral mucosa scraping. PCR-RFLP was used to identify the following polymorphisms: IL1A C-889T (rs1800587), IL1B C-511T (rs16944), IL1B C+3954T (rs11436340), IL1RN intron 2 (rs2234663). Differences in the allele/genotype/haplotype frequencies were assessed by Chi-square test (p<0.05). The risk associated with alleles, genotypes and haplotypes was calculated as odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS: neither IL1A (C-889T) nor IL1B (C+3954T) polymorphisms was associated with chronic PD. Allele T for IL1B (C-511T) only associated with PD in the group of blacks and mulattos. Moreover, genotype 2/2 for IL1RN (intron 2) was associated with severe PD. CONCLUSIONS: genotype 2/2 of IL1RN for the whole Brazilian population and allele T of IL1B (C-511T) in a subgroup of Afro-Americans and mulattos were suggested as putative risk indicators for chronic periodontitis.

Interleukin 10 gene promoter polymorphisms are associated with chronic periodontitis.

BACKGROUND: Chronic periodontitis (CP) is characterized by an inflammation in the supporting tissues of the teeth caused primarily by bacterial infection. Interleukin 10 (IL10) is an anti-inflammatory cytokine whose genetic polymorphisms may influence the expression of the protein. OBJECTIVE: In this study we investigated the hypothesis that single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the promoter of IL10 gene might be related to CP. MATERIALS AND METHODS: DNA was obtained from n=67 CP patients and n=43 control subjects. All studied individuals were non-smokers. The -1087 SNP was investigated by DNA sequencing, and the -819 and -592 SNPs by restriction fragment length polymorphism of PCR products. RESULTS: Frequencies of -819 and -592 SNPs showed differences between the control and CP groups. The ACC haplotype was more prevalent in the control group and the ATA haplotype more prevalent in the CP group. The ATA haplotype seemed to increase susceptibility to CP in women (odds ratio (OR)=2.57). The heterozygous haplotype GCC/ACC was predominant in the control group (OR=8.26; p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Specific haplotypes and SNPs in IL10 gene are associated with susceptibility to CP in Brazilian patients.

Investigation of IL4 gene polymorphism in individuals with different levels of chronic periodontitis in a Brazilian population.

BACKGROUND: Cytokines are key factors that mediate the inflammatory process during periodontal disease. Recent works have shown that the levels of cytokine expression are regulated by genetic polymorphisms, and that these variations can interfere with the progression of disease. The-590 (C-->T) polymorphism of the IL4 gene is associated with high levels of IgE in asthmatic families, and the frequency of the T allele was increased in asthmatic children. The concentration of IgE in gingival tissue was found to be elevated in patients with periodontitis. OBJECTIVE: In this study the relationship between the-590 (C-->T) polymorphism in the IL4 gene and different levels of chronic periodontal disease was investigated. MATERIAL AND METHODS: DNA was extracted from buccal epithelial cells of 113 unrelated adult individuals with different levels of periodontitis. The PCR-RFLP technique was used to investigate the polymorphism in the promoter of IL4 gene. RESULTS: No significant differences in the allele and genotype frequencies of the polymorphism were found between control and groups with periodontal disease. CONCLUSION: : We conclude that the-590 (C-->T) polymorphism in the IL4 gene is not associated with the susceptibility to chronic periodontal disease.

Investigation of an IL-2 polymorphism in patients with different levels of chronic periodontitis.

BACKGROUND: Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine derived from Th1 cells. This cytokine is involved in B-cell activation and stimulates macrophages, natural killer cells, T-cell proliferation and osteoclast activity. IL-2 has been also implicated in the stimulation of osteoclast activity in bone resorption. OBJECTIVE: In this study the relationship between the polymorphism - 330 (T-->G) in the IL-2 gene and different levels of chronic periodontal disease was investigated. MATERIAL AND METHODS: DNA was extracted from buccal epithelial cells of 113 unrelated adult individuals acting as controls and with different levels of periodontitis. The PCR-RFLP technique was used to investigate the polymorphism in the promoter of IL-2 gene. RESULTS: When comparing the data of three groups of patients (Control, Moderate and Severe) we did not find significant differences between the studied IL-2 polymorphism and severity levels of PD. However, when the Control and Moderate phenotypes were grouped together and compared with genotypes TT vs. TG/GG, a significant difference was observed. CONCLUSION: We conclude that the - 330 (T-->G) polymorphism in the IL-2 gene is associated with the severity of periodontal disease. The results presented in this study suggest an active role of IL-2 in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease.