[Factors associated with caregiver burden in primary caregivers of older adults with type2 diabetes]. / Factores asociados a la sobrecarga del cuidador en cuidadores primarios de personas adultas mayores con diabetes tipo2.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the profile of the informal primary caregiver (IPC) of adult patients with type2 diabetes (T2D) and the possible factors associated with caregiver collapse (CC). DESIGN: Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional and analytical study. SITE: Ambulatory Care Medical Unit. PARTICIPANTS: Mexican CPIs of adult patients with T2D. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Data were collected through a prolective design using the Zarit scale and a structured survey on sociodemographic factors. A descriptive statistical analysis and univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were performed. RESULTS: The CPI profile is assumed by: women, people aged 36-58, daughters, people with a secondary and high school educational level, married, Catholic, with income <8,900 Mexican pesos, own home, inhabited by a maximum of 5 inhabitants, with support networks, who have dedicated >5years to the care of their patient, without training and with chronic diseases. The risk factors that increase the risk of CC are: being a woman (OR=11.03; 95%CI: 1.49-81.95), having a history of more than 5years of having assumed the role of caregiver (OR=2, 65; 95%CI: 1.07-6.55), living in one's own house (OR=3.03; 95%CI: 1.04-8.82), with 6 or more inhabitants (OR=2.41; 95%CI: 1.08-5.38). The support of other family members and/or friends was associated as a protective factor (OR=0.15; 95%CI: 0.07-0.33). CONCLUSIONS: Prevention programs are required to avoid CC and complications, as well as interventions to improve the quality of life of the CPI and patients in care, incorporating strategies to generate and/or increase their family and social support networks.

Infección por el virus del papiloma humano y su correlación con situaciones ginecológicas u obstétricas de relevancia clínica: estudio transversal / Human papillomavirus infection and its correlates with clinically relevant gynecological and obstetric conditions: A cross-sectional study

Antecedentes y objetivo: Analizar la prevalencia de la infección por el virus del papiloma humano (VPH) y la posible asociación epidemiológica con las situaciones de relevancia clínica en las mujeres. Material y métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal en la ciudad de México desde enero de 2012 a diciembre de 2014. Se realizó la detección molecular del VPH sobre muestras cervicales. Los datos se analizaron utilizando las pruebas estadísticas adecuadas. Resultados: Se analizó a un total de 1.604 mujeres (mediana 47, rango intercuartílico 38-54). La prevalencia global de infección para cualquier VPH fue del 9,91% (IC 95% 8,6-11,3). Se calculó la asociación entre la infección por VPH-16 y el número de abortos (NA) (OR=1,427; IC 95% 1,091-1,866) mediante el univariate regression model (UVRM, ‘modelo de regresión univariada’). Además, la menarquia (OR=1,566; IC 95% 1,079-2,272), el NA (OR=1,570; IC 95% 1,106-2,227) y el número de embarazos (NE) (OR=0,461; IC 95% 0,260-0,818) tienen una asociación directa e inversa con la infección con el genotipo 18 del VPH, respectivamente. También, la infección por los genotipos VPH-HR tiene una asociación inversa con el NE (OR=0,791; IC 95% 0,707-0,884), los partos normales (OR=0,867; IC 95% 0,767-0,979) y el NA (OR=0,715; IC 95% 0,534-0,959) (UVRM), y una asociación directa con el número de parejas sexuales (OR=1,082; IC 95% 1,015-1,154). El inicio de la actividad sexual tiene una asociación inversa con la infección por el genotipo 16 (UVRM: OR=0,814; IC 95% 0,715-0,926; multinomial regression model (MNRM, ‘modelo de regresión multinomial’): OR=0,803; IC 95% 0,702-0,918) y VPH-HR (UVRM: OR=0,933; IC 95% 0,889-0,980; y MNRM: OR=0,912; IC 95% 0,867-0,959). Todos los valores de p fueron inferiores a 0,03. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de la infección cervical por VPH es diferente en relación con la edad, y está asociada a diversas situaciones médicas de relevancia clínica en las mujeres (AU)

Background and objective: To analyze the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and the possible epidemiological association with conditions of clinical relevance in women. Material and methods: A cross-sectional study from Mexico City was conducted from January 2012 to December 2014. HPV molecular detection was performed on cervical samples. Data were analyzed with appropriated statistic tests. Results: A total of 1,604 females (median 47, interquartile range 38-54) were analyzed. Global prevalence of infection for any HPV is 9.91% (95% CI 8.6-11.3). An association between infection with 16-HPV and number of abortions (NA) (OR=1.427; 95% CI 1.091-1.866), by univariate regression model (UVRM) was estimated. Moreover, menarche (OR=1.566; 95% CI 1.079-2.272), NA (OR=1.570; 95% CI 1.106-2.227) and number of pregnancies (NP) (OR=0.461; 95% CI 0.260-0.818) have a direct and inverse association with infection by genotype 18 of HPV, respectively. Also, infection with HR-HPV genotypes has an inverse association with NP (OR=0.791; 95% CI 0.707-0.884) by normal labor (OR=0.867; 95% CI 0.767-0.979) and NA (OR=0.715; 95% CI 0.534-0.959) (UVRM), and a direct association with number of sexual partners (OR=1.082; 95% CI 1.015-1.154). Onset of sexual activity has an inverse association with infection by genotype 16- (UVRM: OR=0.814; 95% CI 0.715-0.926; multinomial regression model (MNRM): OR=0.803; 95% CI 0.702-0.918) and HR-HPV (UVRM: OR=0.933; 95% CI 0.889-0.980, and MNRM: OR=0.912; 95% CI 0.867-0.959), allP values were lower than .03. Conclusions: Prevalence of HPV cervical infection is different according to age and it is associated with several medical conditions of clinical relevance in women (AU)

[Human papillomavirus infection and its correlates with clinically relevant gynecological and obstetric conditions: A cross-sectional study]. / Infección por el virus del papiloma humano y su correlación con situaciones ginecológicas u obstétricas de relevancia clínica: estudio transversal.

BACKGROUND AND OBJETIVE: To analyze the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and the possible epidemiological association with conditions of clinical relevance in women. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study from Mexico City was conducted from January 2012 to December 2014. HPV molecular detection was performed on cervical samples. Data were analyzed with appropriated statistic tests. RESULTS: A total of 1,604 females (median 47, interquartile range 38-54) were analyzed. Global prevalence of infection for any HPV is 9.91% (95% CI 8.6-11.3). An association between infection with 16-HPV and number of abortions (NA) (OR=1.427; 95% CI 1.091-1.866), by univariate regression model (UVRM) was estimated. Moreover, menarche (OR=1.566; 95% CI 1.079-2.272), NA (OR=1.570; 95% CI 1.106-2.227) and number of pregnancies (NP) (OR=0.461; 95% CI 0.260-0.818) have a direct and inverse association with infection by genotype 18 of HPV, respectively. Also, infection with HR-HPV genotypes has an inverse association with NP (OR=0.791; 95% CI 0.707-0.884) by normal labor (OR=0.867; 95% CI 0.767-0.979) and NA (OR=0.715; 95% CI 0.534-0.959) (UVRM), and a direct association with number of sexual partners (OR=1.082; 95% CI 1.015-1.154). Onset of sexual activity has an inverse association with infection by genotype 16- (UVRM: OR=0.814; 95% CI 0.715-0.926; multinomial regression model (MNRM): OR=0.803; 95% CI 0.702-0.918) and HR-HPV (UVRM: OR=0.933; 95% CI 0.889-0.980, and MNRM: OR=0.912; 95% CI 0.867-0.959), all P values were lower than .03. CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of HPV cervical infection is different according to age and it is associated with several medical conditions of clinical relevance in women.