ABSTRACT
Development of hyperuricemia is associated with excessive body mass, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, overuse of diuretics, elderly age, and abnormal renal function. Data are accumulated on existence of links between elevated uric acid level and arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, ischemic heart disease, and chronic heart failure (CHF). Hyperuricemia has been found in 60% of patients hospitalized because of decompensation of CHF. In CHF isolated hyperuricemia (irrespective of the state of renal function and administration of drugs) appears to be a marker of altered oxidative metabolism characterized by elevation of levels of free radicals which damage cardiomyocytes and vascular endothelium inducing disturbances of myocardial contractility and vasoconstriction. Hyperuricemia associated with insulin resistance, tissue hypoxia, elevated production of cytokines and free radicals can negatively affect cardiovascular system and worsen prognosis in patients with CHF.
Subject(s)
Diuretics/adverse effects , Heart Failure , Hyperuricemia , Uric Acid/blood , Age Factors , Biomarkers , Chronic Disease , Diuretics/administration & dosage , Diuretics/pharmacokinetics , Echocardiography , Free Radicals/metabolism , Heart Failure/diagnosis , Heart Failure/drug therapy , Heart Failure/metabolism , Heart Failure/physiopathology , Humans , Hyperuricemia/drug therapy , Hyperuricemia/etiology , Hyperuricemia/metabolism , Kidney Function Tests , Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism , Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology , Oxidative Stress , PrognosisABSTRACT
Non-rheumatic myocarditis occurs in therapeutic and cardiological practice both at prehospital and hospital stages. Diagnosis of this myocarditis at early stages is difficult. The course and outcome of this disease and its present-day treatment are outlined to help clinical and cardiological practitioners.
