ABSTRACT
Using a lymphocyte binding assay, we have previously demonstrated that the CD4 protein can mediate cell adhesion by direct interaction with MHC class II molecules. In this report, we have used this assay to test whether synthetic peptides, corresponding to DR beta sequences, could inhibit CD4-class II adhesion. A peptide derived from sequences within the beta1 domain (DR beta 41-55), as well as two peptides derived from sequences within the beta 2 domain (DR beta 121-135 and DR beta 141-155), were shown to inhibit CD4-class II adhesion. Inasmuch as a site for CD4 binding in the beta 2 domain had been previously documented, these studies were designed to investigate the role of the beta 1 domain as an additional site of interaction with CD4. Sixteen site-specific mutations were engineered within the beta1 domain of DR beta 1*0101. Several mutations were shown to disrupt CD4-dependent T cell activation. Based on these results, we propose a model for the molecular interaction of CD4 with MHC class II proteins in which both the beta 1 and beta 2 domains of class II interact with the two amino-terminal Ig-like domains of CD4.
Subject(s)
CD4 Antigens/metabolism , HLA-DR1 Antigen/metabolism , Amino Acid Sequence , Animals , Antigen Presentation/genetics , Binding, Competitive/immunology , CD4 Antigens/physiology , CHO Cells , Cell Adhesion/drug effects , Cell Adhesion/immunology , Cricetinae , HLA-DR1 Antigen/genetics , HLA-DR1 Antigen/physiology , Humans , Lymphocytes/immunology , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Mice, Nude , Models, Molecular , Molecular Sequence Data , Mutagenesis, Site-Directed/immunology , Peptides/genetics , Peptides/metabolism , Peptides/pharmacology , Protein Binding/immunology , Protein Structure, Tertiary , T-Lymphocytes/metabolism , Transfection/immunologyABSTRACT
In 1992, Forces Command had 42 Child Development Centers on 22 installations. We evaluated program compliance in the areas of health, sanitation, and nutrition using inspection findings from April 1991 through June 1992. Each program was rated on 20 items, using inspection checklists developed for this evaluation. We also surveyed Haemophilus influenza type b (Hib) vaccination records among enrolled children. Most programs and facilities were fully or partially compliant in most areas. By quantifying the inspection findings, we were able to identify compliance items that needed further attention. The most frequent problem area across all programs was documentation of child immunization and health records. For children between 13 and 60 months of age, 77.7% had records indicating appropriate vaccination against Hib. Comparisons with the prior year's findings indicated a trend toward improvement.
Subject(s)
Child Day Care Centers/legislation & jurisprudence , Child Development , Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena , Military Personnel , Sanitation/legislation & jurisprudence , Child , Child, Preschool , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Infant , Longitudinal Studies , Male , United StatesABSTRACT
Epidermal growth factor was injected intracamerally into the anterior chamber of the right eye of 9 cats. The central portion of the cornea in 8 of the 9 cats that had been cryoinjured. Effect of epidermal growth factor on the repair of endothelial cells in cats was evaluated by endothelial specular microscopy. Endothelial cell density and corneal thickness were studied quantitatively, as a measure of endothelial cell function. The repair process also was evaluated qualitatively by studying morphologic changes, developing as a result of reendothelialization and return to normal function. Seemingly, differences between rate of healing of cryoinjured eyes injected with epidermal growth factor and that in nontreated eyes were not significant (P = 0.86). The endothelial repair process was characterized by enlargement and migration of adjacent noninjured cells.
Subject(s)
Cat Diseases/drug therapy , Corneal Injuries , Endothelium, Corneal/cytology , Epidermal Growth Factor/pharmacology , Animals , Cats , Cornea/cytology , Endothelium, Corneal/drug effects , Female , MaleABSTRACT
Lamellar, autogenous, corneal grafts were performed on 9 clinically normal dogs (1 eye in each of 2 dogs and both eyes in each of 7 dogs) and 7 dogs with corneal disease (1 eye in each dog). Nylon, polyglycolic acid, polyglactin 910, and polydioxanone suture materials were used in 8-0 to 10-0 sizes. The eyes of the normal dogs were examined weekly for up to 16 weeks; corneal endothelium was reestablished in all eyes by 6 weeks after surgery. The eyes of the dogs with corneal disease were reexamined periodically for up to 9 months. Twenty-two of 23 (95.7%) grafts were considered successful in that they were translucent, and the dogs were able to see after surgery. The suture materials that caused the least tissue reaction were nylon and polyglactin 910. This procedure is indicated for chronic descemetoceles and other perforating corneal disease. It has the advantage of rapidly resolving severe corneal disease, with a high degree of success.
Subject(s)
Corneal Diseases/veterinary , Corneal Transplantation , Dog Diseases/surgery , Animals , Cornea/blood supply , Cornea/ultrastructure , Corneal Diseases/surgery , Dogs , Female , Graft Survival , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Time FactorsABSTRACT
A mandibular parosteal osteosarcoma was diagnosed in a 7-year-old Collie with prolapse of the third eyelid. Diagnosis was made by histologic evaluation of a mass removed by surgical excision. The dog was euthanatized because of local recurrence of the tumor, with metastasis to the lungs. Parosteal osteosarcomas are rarely reported in dogs and usually involve long bones in human beings.
Subject(s)
Dog Diseases/diagnosis , Lung Neoplasms/veterinary , Mandibular Neoplasms/veterinary , Osteosarcoma/veterinary , Animals , Dogs , Female , Lung Neoplasms/diagnosis , Lung Neoplasms/secondary , Mandibular Neoplasms/diagnosis , Osteosarcoma/diagnosis , Osteosarcoma/secondary , RecurrenceABSTRACT
A 5-year-old German Shepherd Dog was examined because of anisocoria. Pupillatonia because of parasympathetic denervation of iris sphincter muscle was diagnosed. This finding, most commonly referred to as Adie's tonic pupil in human medical literature, illustrated such a case in a species other than man. Diagnosis consisted of measuring the change in size of the pupillary aperture in response to topical administration of 0.1% pilocarpine. It is hoped that this report will help practitioners to be cognizant of pupillatonia when sorting out anisocorias.
