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1.
Microorganisms ; 10(5)2022 Apr 21.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35630301

ABSTRACT

Invading pathogens interact with plant-associated microbial communities, which can be altered under the pressure of pathogen infection. Limited information exists on plant-microbe interactions occurring during natural outbreaks in agricultural fields. Taproot decline (TRD) of soybean is an emerging disease caused by Xylaria necrophora. TRD disease occurrence and yield loss associated with TRD are outstanding issues in soybean production. We applied nuclear ribosomal DNA Internal Transcribed Spacers and 16S rRNA gene taxonomic marker sequencing to define the composition of the fungal and bacterial communities associated with healthy and diseased soybean roots collected from the Mississippi Delta. The plant compartment was a significant factor regulating taxonomic diversity, followed by the disease status of the plant. TRD impacted the root endophytes, causing imbalances; at the intermediate and advanced stages of TRD, X. necrophora decreased mycobiome diversity, whereas it increased microbiome richness. Networks of significant co-occurrence and co-exclusion relationships revealed direct and indirect associations among taxa and identified hubs with potential roles in assembling healthy and TRD-affected soybean biomes. These studies advance the understanding of host-microbe interactions in TRD and the part of biomes in plant health and disease.

2.
Sci Rep ; 9(1): 2241, 2019 02 19.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30783149

ABSTRACT

Historically known as the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti invaded Madeira Island in 2005 and was the vector of the island's first dengue outbreak in 2012. We have studied genetic variation at 16 microsatellites and two mitochondrial DNA genes in temporal samples of Madeira Island, in order to assess the origin of the invasion and the population structure of this mosquito vector. Our results indicated at least two independent colonization events occurred on the island, both having a South American source population. In both scenarios, Venezuela was the most probable origin of these introductions, a result that is in accordance with the socioeconomic relations between this country and Madeira Island. Once introduced, Ae. aegypti has rapidly expanded along the southern coast of the island and reached a maximum effective population size (Ne) in 2012, coincident with the dengue epidemic. After the outbreak, there was a 10-fold reduction in Ne estimates, possibly reflecting the impact of community-based vector control measures implemented during the outbreak. These findings have implications for mosquito surveillance not only for Madeira Island, but also for other European regions where Aedes mosquitoes are expanding.


Subject(s)
Aedes/growth & development , Introduced Species , Animals , Dengue/epidemiology , Dengue/transmission , Disease Outbreaks , Humans , Portugal/epidemiology
3.
Plant Dis ; 102(8): 1648-1652, 2018 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30673417

ABSTRACT

Plant pathogens are constantly emerging and spreading into new areas and there are often limited postdiagnosis treatment options for infection, making surveillance key to their control. Here we present results from a study testing the efficacy of a portable nanopore-based massively parallel sequencing (MPS) technology for use in the detection of diverse plant pathogens in selected samples. The Oxford MinION device was coupled with whole transcriptome amplification (WTA) to sequence the metatranscriptome of plant and insect tissues infected with either Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus or plum pox virus. Results showed that this methodology is useful for detecting unsuspected viral and bacterial pathogens in plant and insect tissues. The percentage of generated reads assigned to plum pox virus was 95% from infected tissue and 3% from the viruliferous insect, Myzus persicae. Diaphorina citri sequencing led to 22% of the reads mapping as Ca. L. asiaticus. Plum pox virus and Ca. L. asiaticus were detected in both tissue and insect samples near the beginning of each sequencing run, demonstrating the capability of this methodology to obtain results rapidly. This approach also proved the capability of this system to determine the major components of the insect vector's microbiome and the specific strain of small-genome, high-titer pathogens.


Subject(s)
High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing/methods , Nanopores , Plum Pox Virus/genetics , Rhizobiaceae/genetics , Animals , Genome, Bacterial/genetics , Genome, Viral/genetics , Host-Pathogen Interactions , Insect Vectors/microbiology , Insect Vectors/virology , Insecta/microbiology , Insecta/virology , Plant Diseases/microbiology , Plant Diseases/virology , Plum Pox Virus/physiology , Reproducibility of Results , Rhizobiaceae/physiology
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