Low-dose intravenous calcitriol treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in hemodialysis patients. Italian Group for the Study of Intravenous Calcitriol.

Intravenous calcitriol is known to directly suppress PTH secretion and release. We evaluated the effect of four months of treatment with low-dose intravenous calcitriol on PTH levels in 83 hemodialysis patients. The criteria for including patients in the study were a serum PTH levels at least four times the normal limit, a serum total calcium less than 10 mg/dl and good control of the serum phosphorus level. All patients underwent standard bicarbonate or acetate dialysis; dialysate calcium level was maintained at the usual 3.5 mEq/liter concentration. Initial calcitriol dose was 0.87 +/- 0.02 (SEM) micrograms (0.015 micrograms/kg body wt) thrice weekly at the end of dialysis, and it was reduced in case of hypercalcemia or elevated calcium-phosphate product. Seven out of 83 patients dropped out during treatment. Among the 76 patients who completed the study, 58 (76%) showed a highly significant decrease of intact PTH levels (average reduction 48%) and of alkaline phosphatase levels after four months of therapy. Total serum calcium increased slightly but significantly in the responder group but remained unchanged in the non-responders. No significant changes in ionized calcium levels could be detected, even in responders. Treatment was well tolerated by patients, but 60% of them had transient episodes of hyperphosphatemia. Mean serum phosphate was 4.95 mg/dl at the beginning of the study. It increased significantly after four months of treatment in patients who showed a decrease of PTH levels, although it remained within acceptable limits, below 5.5 mg/dl. Twenty-eight of 76 patients (37%) reduced the dose of calcitriol because their calcium-phosphate products exceeded 60.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Hepatitis C: reality of a renal unit.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) seems to be the most important agent of non-A, non-B hepatitis. This study was undertaken to assess the prevalence of hepatitis C in our renal unit. Twelve patients (29%) had antibodies against HCV (anti-HCV). Seropositive patients were on hemodialysis for a longer period than seronegatives. Statistically significant associations with anti-HCV were: blood transfusions, at least 1 episode of elevated value of transaminases (2-fold) and fluctuations of transaminases. Our findings confirm the high prevalence of anti-HCV in hemodialyzed patients, the importance of parenteral transmission and the high probability of liver disease in anti-HCV-positive patients.