ABSTRACT
This article reports the use of focus group interviews to promote the development of continuing education programs that meet the needs of advanced practice nurses (APNs). The three major needs identified were: a) enhancement of clinical practice skills and knowledge in specialty areas, b) education about future changes in the APN role, and c) education in management strategies for the changing health care delivery system. A summary of the investigation and implications for continuing nursing education departments are also presented.
Subject(s)
Education, Nursing, Continuing/methods , Focus Groups , Interviews as Topic/methods , Nurse Clinicians/education , Nurse Practitioners/education , Specialties, Nursing/education , Clinical Competence , Educational Measurement , Female , Health Care Reform/organization & administration , Humans , Job DescriptionABSTRACT
This correlational study provides information for creating a nursing work environment that supports coping with stress. Questionnaire-generated data were collected from registered staff nurses (N = 538) in two urban, acute care hospitals. Results of multiple regression analysis indicated that situational support variables (autonomy, control over practice, group cohesion, substantive exchange, manager consideration) correlated inversely with job stress. Predictor variables and demographics explained 37% of the variance in situational job stress [F(13, 442) = 19.74, P < .001] and 28% of the variance in personal job stress [F(13, 442) = 13.03, P < .001]. The variables may serve as situational supports for nurses coping with job stress.
Subject(s)
Burnout, Professional/epidemiology , Nursing Staff, Hospital/psychology , Organizational Culture , Social Support , Adaptation, Psychological , Adult , Aged , Burnout, Professional/prevention & control , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Nursing Staff, Hospital/organization & administration , Risk Factors , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
We developed a new model of partial urethral obstruction using the guinea pig. We placed jeweler's jump rings loosely around the proximal urethra of immature guinea pigs and allowed the obstruction to develop gradually as the animal grew. After four or eight weeks of obstruction, we studied the filling and emptying characteristics of the bladder during continuous repetitive cycling under urethane anesthesia. Following this examination, bladders were removed and weighed. Wet weight was compared to urodynamic findings. We identified four abnormal urodynamic patterns: high pressure voiding, instability, poor compliance and decompensation. All obstructed bladders showed weight gain associated with muscle hypertrophy, but the degree of weight gain was different for each of the various urodynamic categories. High pressure voiding was associated with the least weight gain, whereas instability and decompensation showed the most weight gain. The results are consistent with a thesis that partial urethral outlet obstruction in the guinea pig gives rise to several distinct forms of abnormal voiding characterized by high pressure in the early stages, and progressing to more advanced forms of dysfunction characterized by instability and decompensation in the later stages.
Subject(s)
Disease Models, Animal , Urethral Obstruction , Animals , Guinea Pigs , Male , Urethra/pathology , Urethral Obstruction/etiology , Urethral Obstruction/pathology , Urethral Obstruction/physiopathology , Urinary Bladder/pathology , UrodynamicsABSTRACT
The order of gene loci in the phoA-phoR region of the Escherichia coli K-12 linkage map was demonstrated to be lac phoA proC phoR. The end of the phoA locus corresponding to the amino terminus of alkaline phosphatase was shown to be the end nearer proC. Translation (and transcription) of phoA is therefore in the anticlockwise direction relative to the conventional E. coli linkage map.
