ABSTRACT
Pharmacologic treatment of patients with post-traumatic stress disorder often involves antidepressant drugs. Combat nightmares often persist. The addition of cyproheptadine, in a median dose of 16-24 mg orally at night, controls the nightmares.
Subject(s)
Anxiety Disorders/drug therapy , Cyproheptadine/therapeutic use , Military Personnel , Sleep Wake Disorders/drug therapy , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/drug therapy , Adult , Aged , Antidepressive Agents/therapeutic use , Anxiety Disorders/complications , Cyproheptadine/administration & dosage , Cyproheptadine/adverse effects , Drug Therapy, Combination , Humans , Male , Sleep Wake Disorders/etiology , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/complicationsSubject(s)
Pre-Eclampsia/metabolism , Zinc/metabolism , gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/metabolism , Female , Humans , PregnancySubject(s)
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/etiology , Pre-Eclampsia/complications , Zinc/deficiency , Animals , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Pregnancy , Rats , RiskABSTRACT
Selected cations (Ca, Co, Cu, Mg, Zn, Si, and K) were determined in the placentae of 18 women. Between pre-eclamptic and normal subjects there were significant (p less than 0.05) differences in copper and zinc concentrations and borderline significant differences in cobalt concentration. In the placentae of the ten women with a normal pregnancy, the average concentrations of copper and zinc were 53 and 192 micrograms atoms/kg placenta, respectively. In the placentae of 8 women with pre-eclampsia, the concentrations were 124 and 134 micrograms atoms/kg placenta for copper and zinc, respectively. Elevation of copper and decrease in zinc may be an exaggeration of normal pregnancy physiology that occurs in pre-eclampsia.
Subject(s)
Copper/metabolism , Placenta/metabolism , Pre-Eclampsia/metabolism , Zinc/metabolism , Adolescent , Adult , Cations/analysis , Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Zinc/deficiencySubject(s)
Pregnancy , Pyridoxal Phosphate/metabolism , Pyridoxine/pharmacology , Animals , Copper/deficiency , Female , Humans , Lactation , RatsABSTRACT
Pyridoxal phosphate (vitamin B6) concentrations in peripheral and cord blood obtained at the time of delivery were measured in 30 women. The average plasma concentration in nine women with normal pregnancy was 4.3 ng. per milliliter; in 10 women with pre-eclampsia, 3.3 ng. per milliliter; and in nonpregnant women, 17 ng. per milliliter. The average cord blood plasma concentration of normal infants was 28.4 ng. per milliliter, whereas that of infants of pre-eclamptic mothers was 12.2 ng. per milliliter. This twofold difference in the cord plasma concentrations was statistically significant (p smaller than 0.001). Pyridoxal phosphate concentrations in the infants' cord plasma were increased in all pregnancies studied by administration of pyridoxine either orally or intravenously. These findings together with other data, demonstrating (1) that B6 deficiency during pregnancy may lead to abnormal neurologic development in experimental animals and (2) that brain development in infants of toxemic mothers may be retarded, suggest that dietary supplementation with vitamin B6 should be instituted in women at high risk for development of toxemia of pregnancy.
