ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To study the biochemical and morphologic implications of different hormonal levels on endometrial development during assisted reproductive technology (ART) cycles. DESIGN: Prospective, controlled study. SETTING: University center. PATIENT(S): Eleven women during a natural cycle (controls) and 11 oocyte donors during an ART cycle (treated). INTERVENTION(S): At the time consistent with day-3 ET, a transvaginal ultrasound, an endometrial biopsy, and blood sampling were performed. Morphology and thickness of the endometrial stripe were recorded. Real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction was used to measure messenger RNA (mRNA) levels for estrogen receptor (ER)-α, ER-ß, P receptor (PR)-A, and PR-B in the endometrial tissue. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): To evaluate morphologic and biochemical endometrial development. RESULT(S): Endometrium was mostly trilaminar (proliferative-like pattern) and thicker in the treated group, as opposed to homogeneous and thinner in the controls. The PR-B mRNA expression increased 41% in treated patients; PR-A mRNA expression, instead, was unchanged. Serum E(2) and P were higher in the treated group than in controls. In contrast, FSH and LH levels were lower in the treated group. CONCLUSION(S): When compared with natural cycles, exposure of the endometrium to high hormone levels during ovarian stimulation significantly increased PR-B receptor expression at the time of ET. Concurrently, a proliferative-like endometrial pattern persisted. These findings reflect a delayed endometrial development in ART.
Subject(s)
Endometrium/cytology , Endometrium/physiology , Infertility, Female/physiopathology , Ovulation Induction/methods , Reproductive Techniques, Assisted , Adult , Biopsy , Endometrium/diagnostic imaging , Estrogen Receptor alpha/genetics , Estrogen Receptor beta/genetics , Female , Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/antagonists & inhibitors , Humans , Infertility, Female/therapy , Oocyte Donation/methods , Pregnancy , Prospective Studies , RNA, Messenger/metabolism , Receptors, Progesterone/genetics , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Ultrasonography , Young AdultABSTRACT
Simultaneous sampling from the antecubital vein (ACV) and a heated superficial hand vein (HSHV) at 10-minute intervals was performed in 6 women for determination of glucose, insulin, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin, estradiol (E2), progesterone (P4), testosterone (T), and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS). Strong correlations were identified for each parameter between the two vessels, with luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) pulse patterns nearly superimposable between antecubital vein (ACV) and superficial hand vein (HSHV) samples.
