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1.
Rev. panam. infectol ; 8(2): 17-24, abr.-jun. 2006. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-439220

ABSTRACT

Los ATB de mayor espectro se utilizan más frecuentemente en Unidades de Terapia Intensiva (UTI). Objetivos: Evaluar los patrones de utilización de piperacilina/tazobactam (PIP/T), imipenem (IMP), meropenem (MRP), colistina (COL), ceftazidima (CAZ) y vancomicina (VAN) en las UTI de hospitales públicos de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Diseño: Estudio multicéntrico prospectivo. Métodos: Análisis de los episodios de infección en pacientes internados en UTI de ocho hospitales que recibieron estos ATB entre octubre 12 y diciembre 12 de 2005. La recolección de datos la realizó el infectólogo, y para el procesamiento se utilizó Excel. Resultados: 116 pacientes (edad X 55.6; 62.4% hombres) presentaron 143 episodios. Hubo 216 prescripciones (1.86/ pte): PIP/T 22, IMP 60, MRP 5, COL 14, CAZ 40 y VAN 75. Los diagnósticos principales fueron neumonía asociada a ARM (NptARM) 29, infección abdominal postquirúrgica (POPabd) 21, catéter (Cat) 17, neumonía sin ARM (Npt) 15, infección abdominal secundaria (Abd) 13 y sepsis sin foco (SepSF) 13. Las prescripciones según indicación más frecuentes fueron (n): PIP/T: NptARM 6, Npt 4 y Abd 3; IMP: NptARM 11, POPabd 9 y Abd 8; COL: POPabd 5 y NptARM 4; CAZ: NptARM 7 y POPabd 7; VAN: Cat 14 y NptARM 12. Período medio entre ingreso a UTI e inicio del ATB: 12 días (0-133; p = 0,0038 entre hospitales; p = 0,063 entre ATB). Duración media de tratamientos: 8 días(1-32). El 45% de las prescripciones se basaron en hallazgos bacteriológicos. Fallecieron 51 pacientes: 25/59 (42%) de tratados empíricamente y 26/77(34%) de documentados (p = 0,7). Conclusiones: El estudio de los patrones de prescripción permite establecer diferencias entre hospitales y evaluar la necesidad de intervenciones correctivas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Anti-Bacterial Agents/analysis , Gram-Negative Bacteria/isolation & purification , Gram-Positive Bacteria/isolation & purification , Cross Infection/diagnosis , Cross Infection/epidemiology , Cross Infection/microbiology , Multicenter Studies as Topic , Argentina/epidemiology , Ceftazidime , Colistin , Prospective Studies , Imipenem , Piperacillin , Vancomycin
2.
J Hepatol ; 29(3): 437-42, 1998 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9764991

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Selective intestinal decontamination has been proposed to prevent spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhosis. Because of the cost of antibiotics and the development of resistant bacteria, we have evaluated the effect of different schemes and doses of oral ciprofloxacin on aerobic gram-negative fecal flora in cirrhotic patients. METHOD: Twenty-nine cirrhotic patients were allocated to four groups to receive: Group 1: 500 mg/day for 2 weeks (six patients); Group 2: 1000 mg twice a week for 2 weeks (six patients); Group 3: 1000 mg once a week for 2 weeks (six patients); and Group 4: 1000 mg once a week for 12 weeks (11 patients). Quantitative analysis of the gram-negative fecal flora was performed before and 1 and 2 weeks after initiation of treatment in patients in Groups 1, 2 and 3 and before and 4, 8 and 12 weeks after initiation of treatment in patients in Group 4. RESULTS: Complete eradication of gram-negative bacilli was observed in four of six patients in Group 1. In contrast, only one patient eradicated gram-negative bacilli in Group 2 and Group 3. In long-term administration of ciprofloxacin (Group 4), only two of 11 patients had persistent eradication of gram-negative bacilli. Four patients developed E. coli resistant to ciprofloxacin (one of them associated to resistant Klebsiella). No patient developed bacterial infection during the study period. CONCLUSION: Oral ciprofloxacin administered in a weekly dose is ineffective in selective intestinal decontamination. Different mechanisms, including the emergence of ciprofloxacin-resistant organisms, could account for this failure. Therefore, our results suggest that weekly administration of ciprofloxacin is not useful in preventing spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.


Subject(s)
Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use , Ciprofloxacin/therapeutic use , Feces/microbiology , Gram-Negative Aerobic Bacteria/drug effects , Liver Cirrhosis/drug therapy , Peritonitis/prevention & control , Administration, Oral , Adult , Aged , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Drug Administration Schedule , Female , Humans , Liver Cirrhosis/microbiology , Male , Middle Aged , Treatment Outcome
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