ABSTRACT
This article is a complete review of all reported therapies for hyperadrenocorticism in dogs. Both medical and surgical options for treating pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism and adrenal tumor-related disease are discussed, and the efficacy, safety, and use of these treatments are compared.
Subject(s)
Adrenalectomy/veterinary , Adrenocortical Hyperfunction/veterinary , Dog Diseases/drug therapy , Dog Diseases/surgery , Adrenal Cortex Function Tests , Adrenalectomy/methods , Adrenocortical Hyperfunction/drug therapy , Adrenocortical Hyperfunction/surgery , Animals , Dihydrotestosterone/analogs & derivatives , Dihydrotestosterone/therapeutic use , Dogs , Drug Therapy, Combination , Ketoconazole/therapeutic use , Mitotane/therapeutic use , Prognosis , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinicopathologic features, response to treatment, and risk factors associated with idiopathic neutropenia in dogs. DESIGN: Retrospective case series. ANIMALS: 11 dogs. PROCEDURES: Medical records of dogs with idiopathic neutropenia were reviewed. Signalment, history, clinical signs, and response to treatment were recorded and compared with that in dogs with neutropenia attributable to known causes and to dogs without neutropenia (controls). RESULTS: Compared with dogs with neutropenia attributable to known causes, dogs with idiopathic neutropenia had lower neutrophil counts and were younger. When compared with control dogs, age < 4 years was identified as a risk factor for developing idiopathic neutropenia. In all dogs with idiopathic neutropenia, remission of neutropenia occurred within 18 days after administration of prednisone (2 to 4 mg/kg [0.9 to 1.8 mg/lb], PO, daily) and no serious complications or infections developed. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: An immune-mediated pathogenesis should be considered for dogs with idiopathic neutropenia in which the cause is not known. Severe neutropenia and young age were significantly associated with idiopathic neutropenia in dogs. Prognosis appeared to be excellent with prednisone treatment.
