Gender Analysis for One Health: Theoretical Perspectives and Recommendations for Practice.

One health emphasizes the interdependent health of humans, animals, and their shared environments and shows promise as an integrated, equitable transdisciplinary approach to important ecohealth issues. Notably, research or programming explicitly examining the intersection of gender and one health is limited, although females represent half of the human population and play important roles in human and animal health around the world. Recognizing these gaps, scholars from the University of Wisconsin-Madison in collaboration with United States Department of Agriculture convened a consultative workshop, "Women and One Health," in 2016. This paper outlines the workshop methods and highlights outcomes toward shared terminology and integration of frameworks from one health, gender analysis, and women in agriculture. Further, recommendations for education, policy, and service delivery at the intersection of women's empowerment and one health are offered as important efforts toward the dual goals of gender equality and sustainable health of humans, animals, and their shared ecosystems.

Towards defining interprofessional competencies for global health education: drawing on educational frameworks and the experience of the UW-Madison Global Health Institute.

The experience and lessons to date from the University of Wisconsin-Madison Global Health Institute's global health programs, considered together with more recently published competency frameworks related to global health practice, can provide important insights into the development of a core set of interprofessional competencies for global health that can be used across disciplines and professions.

An anthropological approach to teaching health sciences students cultural competency in a field school program.

International immersion experiences do not, in themselves, provide students with the opportunity to develop cultural competence. However, using an anthropological lens to educate students allows them to learn how to negotiate cultural differences by removing their own cultural filters and seeing events through the eyes of those who are culturally different. Faculty at the University of Wisconsin-Madison's Global Health Institute believed that an embedded experience, in which students engaged with local communities, would encourage them to adopt this Cultural Competency 2.0 position. With this goal in mind, they started the Field School for the Study of Language, Culture, and Community Health in Ecuador in 2003 to teach cultural competency to medical, veterinary, pharmacy, and nursing students. The program was rooted in medical anthropology and embraced the One Health initiative, which is a collaborative effort of multiple disciplines working locally, nationally, and globally to obtain optimal health for people, animals, and the environment. In this article, the authors identify effective practices and challenges for using a biocultural approach to educating students. In a semester-long preparatory class, students study the Spanish language, region-specific topics, and community engagement principles. While in Ecuador for five weeks, students apply their knowledge during community visits that involve homestays and service learning projects, for which they partner with local communities to meet their health needs. This combination of language and anthropological course work and community-based service learning has led to positive outcomes for the local communities as well as professional development for students and faculty.

Creating a center for global health at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.

Globalization, migration, and widespread health disparities call for interdisciplinary approaches to improve health care at home and abroad. Health professions students are pursuing study abroad in increasing numbers, and universities are responding with programs to address these needs. The University of Wisconsin (UW)-Madison schools of medicine and public health, nursing, pharmacy, veterinary medicine, and the division of international studies have created an interdisciplinary center for global health (CGH). The CGH provides health professions and graduate students with courses, field experiences, and a new Certificate in Global Health. Educational programs have catalyzed a network of enthusiastic UW global health scholars. Partnerships with colleagues in less economically developed countries provide the foundation for education, research, and service programs. Participants have collaborated to improve the education of health professionals and nutrition in Uganda; explore the interplay between culture, community development, and health in Ecuador; improve animal health and address domestic violence in Mexico; and examine successful public health efforts in Thailand. These programs supply students with opportunities to understand the complex determinants of health and structure of health systems, develop adaptability and cross-cultural communication skills, experience learning and working in interdisciplinary teams, and promote equity and reduce health disparities at home and abroad. Based on the principles of equity, sustainability, and reciprocity, the CGH provides a strong foundation to address global health challenges through networking and collaboration among students, staff, and faculty within the UW and beyond.

Garantia de qualidade dos cuidados de saúde nos países em desenvolvimento / Quality assurance of health care in developing countries

Nos quinze anos desde a Declaração de Alma Ata, na qual a comunidade internacional engajou-se no fornecimento de cuidados primários de saúde (CPS) para todos, foram feitos grandes esforços em quase todos os países em desenvolvimento para a expansão dos CPS. Isto foi alcançado através do incremento dos recursos alocados por fontes nacionais e internacionais, expansão da formação de trabalhadores de saúde e vasta reorganização do sistema de saúde. Foram anunciadas melhorias importantes no alcance e cobertura de saúde pela maior parte de países, muitos dos quais salientaram modestos declínios na mortalidade infantil e algumas reduções em morbilidade especifica. Contudo, as melhorias indicadas não foram sempre comparadas com os recursos utilizados. Além disso, pouco se fez para avaliar a qualidade dos serviços ou para garantir que os recursos tenham um impacto óptimo. Os métodos da Garantia da Qualidade (GQ) podem ajudar aos gestores de programas de saúde na definição de directrizes clínicas e padrões de procedimentos operativos, para avaliar o desempenho comparado com os padrões definidos de desempenho e obter avanços tangíveis na melhoria e eficácia no desempenho do programa. Este monografia fornece uma visado introdutória de GQ para os países em desenvolvimento. Será de interesse para os fazedores da politicas, quadros superiores do Ministério da Saúde (MISAU) e chefes dos serviços de saúde a nível distrital. Será também útil aos Representantes de organizações no sector da saúde, tais como a Agência dos E.U. para o Desenvolvimento Internacional (A.I.D.), a Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) e o Fundo de Emergência das Nações Unidas para a Infância (UNICEF)....