Subject(s)
Anesthesia/history , Tonsillectomy/history , Adult , Canada , Child , History, 20th Century , Humans , Internship and Residency/historySubject(s)
Anesthesia/adverse effects , Intraoperative Complications/therapy , Malignant Hyperthermia/history , Adolescent , Anaphylaxis/etiology , Anesthetics/adverse effects , Anesthetics/history , Animals , Child , Chloroform/adverse effects , Chloroform/history , Drug Hypersensitivity , Female , History, 20th Century , Humans , Hyperkalemia/therapy , Male , Malignant Hyperthermia/drug therapy , Malignant Hyperthermia/therapy , Neuromuscular Depolarizing Agents/adverse effects , Succinylcholine/adverse effects , Swine , Trismus/chemically induced , Vasodilator Agents/therapeutic useSubject(s)
Esophageal Atresia/history , Esophageal Atresia/surgery , Hernia, Diaphragmatic/history , Hernia, Diaphragmatic/surgery , Anastomosis, Surgical , Anesthesia, Inhalation/methods , Esophageal Atresia/diagnosis , Hernia, Diaphragmatic/diagnosis , History, 20th Century , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Intubation, Intratracheal/methods , Radiography, Thoracic , Survival Analysis , Tracheoesophageal Fistula/complications , Tracheoesophageal Fistula/diagnosis , Tracheostomy , VictoriaSubject(s)
Anesthesiology/education , Pediatrics/education , Adolescent , Age Factors , Audiovisual Aids , Blood Volume , Body Composition/physiology , Child , Child, Preschool , Congenital Abnormalities , Curriculum , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Nurses , Oxygen Consumption/physiologySubject(s)
Hospitalization/trends , Hospitals/history , Adolescent , Ambulatory Surgical Procedures , Anesthesia , Child , Child, Preschool , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Operating Rooms/organization & administration , Parents , Pediatrics/history , Pediatrics/trends , Preoperative CareSubject(s)
Decamethonium Compounds/history , Neuromuscular Depolarizing Agents/history , Succinylcholine/history , Bradycardia/chemically induced , Burns/physiopathology , Burns/therapy , Child , Decamethonium Compounds/adverse effects , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Electromyography , Heart Arrest/chemically induced , History, 20th Century , Humans , Musculoskeletal Pain/chemically induced , Myasthenia Gravis/complications , Neuromuscular Depolarizing Agents/adverse effects , Potassium/blood , Succinylcholine/adverse effectsSubject(s)
Airway Management/methods , Airway Obstruction/therapy , Airway Obstruction/etiology , Airway Obstruction/pathology , Bronchi/pathology , Bronchial Diseases/complications , Bronchial Diseases/therapy , Child , Foreign Bodies/complications , Foreign Bodies/therapy , Humans , Neoplasms/complications , Respiratory System/pathology , Respiratory System/physiopathology , Tracheal Stenosis/complications , Tracheal Stenosis/therapySubject(s)
Anesthesiology/trends , Pain Management/trends , Pediatrics/trends , Analgesics, Opioid/administration & dosage , Analgesics, Opioid/therapeutic use , Anesthetics , Child , Chronic Pain/drug therapy , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Nerve Block , Pain Measurement , Patient Care Team/trendsSubject(s)
Anesthesia, Intravenous , Anesthetics, Intravenous , Thiopental , Alfaxalone Alfadolone Mixture/chemistry , Alfaxalone Alfadolone Mixture/history , Alfaxalone Alfadolone Mixture/pharmacology , Anesthesia, Intravenous/history , Anesthesiology , Anesthetics, Intravenous/chemistry , Anesthetics, Intravenous/history , Anesthetics, Intravenous/pharmacology , Barbiturates/history , Child , History, 20th Century , Humans , Ketamine/history , Ketamine/pharmacology , Pediatrics , Propofol/history , Propofol/pharmacology , Sodium Oxybate/chemistry , Sodium Oxybate/history , Sodium Oxybate/pharmacology , Structure-Activity Relationship , Thiopental/chemistry , Thiopental/history , Thiopental/pharmacologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: In a previous large trial (Benefit of Alitretinoin in Chronic Hand Eczema; BACH), 47.7% of patients with severe chronic hand eczema (CHE) who received alitretinoin 30 mg achieved 'clear' or 'almost clear' hands during the initial 24-week treatment course. OBJECTIVES: The current open-label trial was designed to study extended treatment with a further 12- to 24-week course of oral alitretinoin 30 mg in patients who did not fully respond to initial treatment in the BACH study. METHODS: At the end of the BACH study, patients whose eczema was rated 'mild', 'moderate' or 'severe' according to the Physician's Global Assessment (PGA) were eligible for a 24-week, open-label, multicentre study. Patients (n=243) received 30 mg of alitretinoin once daily, irrespective of previous treatment in BACH; either alitretinoin 30 mg, alitretinoin 10 mg or placebo. RESULTS: By the end of the follow-on study, the PGA response rate to the subsequent course of alitretinoin 30 mg was 50% and 39% in patients treated previously in BACH with 10 or 30 mg per day, respectively, and 51% in patients who previously received placebo in BACH. Alitretinoin was well tolerated, and no significant late-arising toxicities were seen. CONCLUSIONS: For a considerable number of patients with CHE who did not fully respond after an initial 24-week treatment period, a switch from either placebo to the active compound at 30 mg or from the lower to the higher dose, or treatment prolongation at the higher dose could be beneficial. Alitretinoin remains well tolerated for overall treatment durations of up to 48 weeks.
Subject(s)
Dermatologic Agents/administration & dosage , Eczema/drug therapy , Hand Dermatoses/drug therapy , Tretinoin/administration & dosage , Administration, Oral , Adult , Alitretinoin , Canada , Chronic Disease , Europe , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Retreatment/methodsSubject(s)
Intubation, Intratracheal/instrumentation , Child, Preschool , Equipment Design , Humans , InfantABSTRACT
The physiological application of OHMS LAW explains the basis of hypotensive anesthesia. V = IR translates into: Pressure = Flow × Resistance or Blood pressure = Cardiac Output × Peripheral Resistance. If peripheral resistance is reduced by a vasodilator such as sodium nitroprusside (a short acting, vascular smooth muscle relaxant) or phenoxybenzamine (a long acting α adrenoreceptor antagonist), blood pressure will fall and vasoconstriction and bleeding will be reduced. A less desirable alternative to lowering blood pressure could be to reduce cardiac output by suppressing myocardial contractility using a ß(1) adrenoceptor antagonist or an inhalational agent such as isoflurane.
