ABSTRACT
Mandibular permanent lateral incisors showing bilateral transposition and ectopic eruption were seen beneath primary first molars on bitewing radiographs in a female aged 9 years. This report chronicles management of the case during the mixed dentition period. Appropriate space maintenance after extraction of mandibular primary first molars, cuspids and lateral incisors on both sides facilitated eruption and repositioning of the permanent lateral incisors without the need to sever supracrestal gingival fibres.
Subject(s)
Incisor/abnormalities , Tooth Eruption, Ectopic/therapy , Tooth Extraction , Child , Dentition, Mixed , Female , Humans , Mandible , Molar , Orthodontics, Interceptive , Tooth, DeciduousABSTRACT
Twenty dentists from selected dental school departments were asked to examine thirteen areas of fissured grooves or pits in extracted molars, and select a treatment from a list of options for each designated groove area, as if each was on a separate tooth. There was a wide variation in initial treatment selections with (29 percent) amalgam and (25 percent) resin sealants being the most common. Pediatric dentists were significantly more conservative in both their original and later diagnoses than were the other dentists in this study.
Subject(s)
Dental Caries/therapy , Dental Fissures/therapy , Molar , Decision Making , Dental Cavity Preparation , Dental Restoration, Permanent , Fluorides, Topical/therapeutic use , Humans , Inlays , Molar/anatomy & histology , Patient Care Planning , Pediatric Dentistry , Pit and Fissure Sealants/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Thirty-gauge needles are generally not recommended by dental schools, yet many dentists use them. Thin needles (30 gauge) can aspirate blood, have similar deflection to thick needles (25 gauge), and resist breakage. Measurable clinical differences between inferior dental block injections using 25-gauge or 30-gauge short needles for children is addressed in this research paper. Random allocation assigned 76 cases to 30-gauge and 62 cases to 25-gauge tribeveled. Twenty-seven-gauge short needles are in routine use for inferior dental nerve block injections in our clinics. After informed written consent was obtained, inferior dental block injections were carefully administered to children (62 males and 76 females, mean age 10 years ± 3 [SD], range 4-18 years) by faculty and students in pediatric dentistry and observed by one of two trained observers. After aspiration in two planes (180°), 0.5 mL of 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine was deposited in the lingual block area then 1.0 mL in the inferior dental area after touching bone. Any aspirate was recorded and subjective pain scores were taken immediately using a visual analogue scale. Five minutes after the commencement of the injection, the efficacy was tested objectively by two light needle pricks of the mucosa adjacent to the cuspid. The comparability of groups as regards age and sex was verified. Half of the injections were effective at five minutes in each group. There were no significant differences in efficacy, or pain scores. Both 25- and 30-gauge groups had nine instances of slight aspiration and two instances of more marked aspirations. The overall aspiration rate was 16%. It is concluded that 25- and 30-gauge needles do not differ significantly with respect to efficacy, pain, or aspiration. Children do not think that inferior dental nerve block injections hurt very much, and there is no evidence to support a change from 25- to 30-gauge needles.
