The effects of job insecurity on employee safety outcomes: cross-sectional and longitudinal explorations.

Job insecurity research has focused primarily on attitudinal (e.g., job satisfaction), behavioral (e.g., employee turnover), and health outcomes. Moreover, research in the area of workplace safety has largely focused on ergonomic factors and personnel selection and training as primary antecedents of safety. Two cross-sectional structural equational modeling analyses and 1 longitudinal regression analysis of 237 food-processing plant employees unite these 2 disparate areas of research by exploring the relatively uncharted relationship between job insecurity and safety outcomes. Results indicate that employees who report high perceptions of job insecurity exhibit decreased safety motivation and compliance, which in turn are related to higher levels of workplace injuries and accidents.

A 3-D reconstruction algorithm for interpolation and extrapolation of planar cross sectional data.

A three dimensional (3-D) reconstruction algorithm utilizing both linear interpolation and linear extrapolation was developed for the study of human prostatic cancer. The algorithm was validated by comparing the volumes and shapes of original to reconstructed objects. Synthetic objects of known geometry and wax models with shapes characteristic of prostatic carcinomas were assessed with standard planimetry and by the digital interpolation-extrapolation method. Volume and multifocality measurements obtained by reconstructing excised prostate glands using histologic maps obtained from whole-mount sections were tested. The new algorithm provided greater accuracy in determining tumor volumes than conventional methods. This model provides a basis for mathematical analysis of prostate cancer lesions.

Preliminary typology of couplehood for community-dwelling wives: "I" versus "we".

A qualitative analysis of women whose husbands reside in nursing homes was conducted to understand the concept of couplehood. Couplehood is defined here as the extent to which one person perceives herself as married to another person (feeling like an "I" or like part of a "We"). An "I"--"We" continuum was presented to each woman, and noticeable patterns emerged. Some women identified themselves as perceiving no couplehood with their institutionalized husbands ("Unmarried Marrieds"). A second group of women perceived a high degree of couplehood ("'Til Death Do Us Parts"), while a third group perceived low couplehood ("Husbandless Wives"). Differences seem to exist in terms of the degree to which couplehood is perceived (no, low, high). Implications of such a typology are offered for researchers, clinicians, and community-dwelling wives.

A contextual model of stress among parent caregivers of gay sons with AIDS.

This paper examines the impact of AIDS on the parent/adult child relationship among parent caregivers of gay sons with AIDS. Drawing on literature on family caregiving of older people and research on parents of gay sons with AIDS, the theoretical concepts of family ethos of affection/obligation, attitudes toward homosexuality, and stress are reviewed. Based on these key theoretical concepts and linkages, a model is developed that suggests the family characteristics that differentiate low-stressed parent caregivers and high-stressed parent caregivers. A case study is presented to illustrate the model. Recommendations for research and implications for professionals are discussed.

Genetic markers in human bone: II. Studies on ABO (and IGH) grouping.

A combination absorption-elution, two-dimensional absorption-inhibition procedure was used to determine the ABH antigen composition of a series of human bone specimens of known ABO type that had been aged up to nine months under dry and humid conditions at ambient temperature, 37 degrees C, and 56 degrees C; at ambient temperature in dry and wet soil; and buried in soil outdoors. Grouping data for the separate elution and inhibition testing, as well as for the combination procedure, are given. The combination method was found to be a highly reliable procedure for bone tissue ABH typing. Some data on microbial contaminants of human bone specimens aging in soil, and their effects on ABH typing results, are presented. No direct correlation between the properties of microbial contaminants and specific changes in the ABH antigenic composition of aging bone tissue specimens could be ascertained. Data on IGH antigen determination and on the quantitation of immunoglobulin G (IgG) in human bone tissue extracts indicated that immunoglobulin levels were typically too low to expect routinely successful Gm antigen testing results. However, these factors can sometimes be determined in fresh bone tissue extracts, particularly if the extracts are concentrated.

The stereotype of "old." A review and alternative approach.

Within the literature, a negative stereotype of "old" has been emphasized which, it has been argued, is important for self-concept in late life. This paper questions the validity of this argument and presents an alternative model more congruent with extant data. Forty-seven reports of research on stereotypes of old age were analyzed. It was found that 21 studies utilized older persons in the sample, and half of these were based on institutionalized or indigent aged. A positive stereotype of old age was reported in several studies. Thus, the assumption that the aged accept a negative stereotype of old age may not be valid. An alternative theoretical model is presented. From the framework of cognitive dissonance theory, it is argued that the acceptance of a negative or positive stereotype by the aged is related to objective indicators of old age, the subjective definition of self, and self-concept.