ABSTRACT
Sandra Bruce is the Nurse Education Program Manager, Air Force Personnel Center, Joint Base San Antonio-Randolph in Texas, and is responsible for the Air Force Continuing Nursing Education program and facilitation of selection boards for graduate education and fellowship programs. She served as editor for the third and fourth editions of the Association for Nursing Professional Development (ANPD) Core Curriculums for Nursing Professional Development. Sandy previously served as the Education Consultant to the Air Force Surgeon General for Nursing Education programs for over 3,000 Air Force Nurse Corps members. She received her BSN from Mercy College of Detroit in 1976 and entered the Air Force in 1982. The Air Force sponsored her Master's Degree in Nursing as a Clinical Nurse Specialist.
Subject(s)
Education, Nursing , Staff Development/methods , Accreditation , Military Nursing , United StatesSubject(s)
Administrative Personnel , Leadership , Problem Solving , Delivery of Health Care , Hospitals, ReligiousABSTRACT
Leishmania major, an intracellular parasitic protozoon that infects, differentiates and replicates within macrophages, expresses two closely related MIF-like proteins. To ascertain the roles and potential differences of these two Leishmania proteins, recombinant L. major MIF1 and MIF2 have been produced and the structures resolved by X-ray crystallography. Each has a trimeric ring architecture similar to mammalian MIF, but with some structurally distinct features. LmjMIF1, but not LmjMIF2, has tautomerase activity. LmjMIF2 is found in all life cycle stages whereas LmjMIF1 is found exclusively in amastigotes, the intracellular stage responsible for mammalian disease. The findings are consistent with parasite MIFs modulating or circumventing the host macrophage response, thereby promoting parasite survival, but suggest the LmjMIFs have potentially different biological roles. Analysis of the Leishmania braziliensis genome showed that this species lacks both MIF genes. Thus MIF is not a virulence factor in all species of Leishmania.
Subject(s)
Intramolecular Oxidoreductases/chemistry , Leishmania major/enzymology , Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors/chemistry , Amino Acid Sequence , Animals , Crystallography, X-Ray , Intramolecular Oxidoreductases/classification , Intramolecular Oxidoreductases/genetics , Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors/classification , Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors/genetics , Molecular Sequence Data , Phylogeny , Recombinant Proteins/chemistry , Recombinant Proteins/classification , Recombinant Proteins/genetics , Sequence AlignmentABSTRACT
We have cloned, expressed, purified and characterised ceFKB-6, the only large tetratricopeptide repeat motif-containing immunophilin in Caenorhabditis elegans which is similar to the human orthologues FKBP51 and FKBP52. It shows increased peptidyl prolyl isomerase activity, the measured k(cat)/K(m) of 1.3 x 10(6) M(-1) s(-1)is twofold greater than that of hFKBP12 and hFKBP51. NMR studies of the interaction between FKB-6 and the C-terminal DAF-21 pentapeptide MEEVD show interactions consistent with those found between the large human immunophilin TPR domains and human Hsp90. In vivo localisation studies show that the fkb-6 gene is expressed in all stages from embryo to adult with predominant expression being noted in the adult dorsal and ventral nerve cords.
Subject(s)
Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/genetics , Caenorhabditis elegans/genetics , Immunophilins/genetics , Animals , Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/biosynthesis , Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/chemistry , Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/metabolism , Cattle , Cloning, Molecular , Cyclophilins/metabolism , HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins/chemistry , HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins/genetics , HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins/metabolism , Immunophilins/biosynthesis , Immunophilins/chemistry , Immunophilins/metabolism , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Models, Molecular , Protein Binding , Protein Conformation , Protein Structure, TertiaryABSTRACT
Injuries related to the events of September 11, 2001, and continuing military actions associated with Operation Enduring Freedom underscore the accurate focus of the Joint Trauma Training Center and the Warskills Simulation Laboratory. These two programs ensure that nurses are prepared to respond to diverse medical situations worldwide. Outcome measures from both initiatives attest to the effectiveness of an integrated program that facilitates critical thinking skills and clinical judgment to increase the nurses' ability to provide trauma care to severely injured military personnel.
