In-situ alignment of 3D printed anisotropic hard magnets.

Within this work, we demonstrate in-situ alignment of the easy axis single-crystal magnetic particles inside a polymer matrix using fused filament fabrication. Two different magnetic materials are investigated: (i) Strontium hexaferrite inside a PA6 matrix, fill grade: 49 vol% and (ii) Samarium iron nitride inside a PA12 matrix, fill grade: 44 vol%. In the presence of the external alignment field, the strontium hexaferrite particles inside the PA6 matrix can be well aligned with a ratio of remnant magnetization to saturation magnetization in an easy axis of 0.7. No significant alignment for samarium iron nitride could be achieved. The results show the feasibility to fabricate magnets with arbitrary and locally defined easy axis using fused filament fabrication since the permanent magnets (or alternatively an electromagnet) can be mounted on a rotatable platform.

[Development of insulin reserves in the first 18 months in the insulin-dependent diabetic with or without remission of insulin-dependence]. / Evolution de la réserve insulinique dans les 18 premiers mois du diabète insulinoprive avec ou sans rémission d'insulinodépendance.

It seems rational to consider that residual insulin secretion is one of the factors which determine the short-term course of inaugural type I diabetes. But what about the mid-term course? We evaluated prospectively the insulin reserve (fasting and post-prandial C peptide) in 52 patients throughout the subsequent development of the disease. The patients (36 men, 16 women, mean age 35 years), who presented with ketonuria and weight loss, received a 10-day course of intensive insulin therapy, after which a remission of insulin dependence was observed in 40 of them (77 per cent). These 40 patients differed from those who had no such remission in that they were heavier and had a better initial insulin secretion. There was no significant difference between the two groups with regards to immunogenetic markers (presence of anti-islet antibodies 28/35 vs 8/12, DR3 and/or DR4 tissue group 27/37 vs 8/10). Following intensive insulin therapy, the C peptide value was consistently increased. At 6, 12 and 18 months the insulin secretion in patients of the remission group remained stable and always higher than that of patients who did not have a remission and whose insulin secretion collapsed at 18 months. Another characteristic of the remission group was that C peptide secretion could be stimulated by meals throughout the follow-up period (post-prandial C peptide at 18 months: 0.63 nmol/l). It is concluded that residual insulin secretion is one of the most effective predictive factors of remission when type I diabetes is first diagnosed and remains stable for the first 18 months of the disease in patients who show a remission.

[Myxedematous coma. Prognostic and therapeutic re-evaluation]. / Le coma myxoedémateux. Réévaluation pronostique et thérapeutique.

The prognostic factors and therapeutic approaches in myxoedema coma--a rare but serious medical emergency--were re-evaluated from a retrospective study of 10 cases. The immediate respiratory risk can be prevented by referring these patients immediately to an intensive care unit. The patient's cardiovascular status before and after coma determines the prognosis for life and serves as guideline to treatment. Hormone replacement therapy with initial injection of a loading dose of thyroxine seems to improve the prognosis by ensuring rapid recovery of the principal vital functions.

[Hypothalamic amenorrhea. Diagnostic and therapeutic values of pulsatile administration of gonadorelin]. / Aménorrhée hypothalamique. Intérêts diagnostique et thérapeutique de l'apport pulsatile de gonadoréline.

Hypothalamic amenorrhoea is characterized by deficiency of the pulsatile secretion of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone. In 18 patients with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism a precise topographical diagnosis could be made by pulsatile administration of this hormone using a portable pump, after failure of the simple gonadotropin-releasing hormone test (100 micrograms intravenously). In women wishing to become pregnant, this treatment proved valuable to induce ovulation, being remarkably effective (17 pregnancies in 20 women (85 p. 100) and 2.2 cycles/pregnancy), easy to perform, and safe, as well as less expensive and with less risk of hyperstimulation and multiple pregnancies than the conventional treatment with gonadotropins.