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1.
J Assist Reprod Genet ; 31(1): 45-9, 2014 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24221913

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To analyze the presence of various histone modifications in ejaculated human spermatozoa METHODS: In this prospective study, seminal ejaculates from 39 normozoospermic individuals were evaluated for semen analysis and the presence of histone modifications in isolated nuclei. RESULTS: We observed heterogeneous presence of histone methylation in normal mature human sperm. We observed that 12 to 30 % of the nuclei of normal sperm contain a heterogeneous distribution of the marks H3K4Me1, H3K9Me2, H3K4Me3, H3K79Me2, and H3K36Me3. Moreover, the presence of these marks is higher in the poor motile fraction of the ejaculate, which is associated with poor morphology and functional quality. In contrast, we did not observe histone acetylation (H3K4Ac and H4K5Ac) in normal or abnormal mature human sperm CONCLUSIONS: Defects in the process of spermatogenesis may alter the correct epigenetic programming in mature sperm. Further studies are required to evaluate the impact of these findings in human infertility.


Subject(s)
Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase/metabolism , Histones/metabolism , Spermatogenesis , Spermatozoa/metabolism , Cell Nucleus/metabolism , Epigenesis, Genetic , HeLa Cells , Histone Methyltransferases , Humans , Male , Methylation , Semen Analysis , Spermatogenesis/genetics
2.
PLoS One ; 8(9): e75685, 2013.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24069435

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY: Serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is a reliable marker of ovarian reserve, and it has been shown to be correlated with reproductive outcomes in grouped analyses. However, practical data is scarce for the physician and the patients to predict these outcomes in an individual couple according to serum AMH measured prior to assisted reproduction technology (ART) procedures. STUDY DESIGN: To address this question, we performed an analytic observational study including 145 females undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in a single center. Results were analyzed according to serum AMH; subgroup analyses were performed by grouping patients according to patient's age and FSH levels. RESULTS: The risk of cycle cancellation decreased from 64% in patients with serum AMH ≤ 3 pmol/L (0.42 ng/mL) to 21% with AMH ≥ 15 pmol/L (2.10 ng/mL). Cycle cancellation occurred in approximately two-thirds of the patients with AMH ≤ 3 pmol/L irrespective of the FSH level. However, with higher AMH values the risk of cycle cancellation decreased more significantly in patients with normal FSH. The rate of good response increased from almost null in patients with AMH ≤ 3 pmol/L to 61% in those with AMH ≥ 15 pmol/L. The positive correlation between good response and AMH was also significant, but with lower absolute rates, when patients were grouped according to their age or FSH levels. Pregnancy rate increased moderately, but significantly, from 31% with AMH ≤ 3 pmol/L to 35% with AMH ≥ 15 pmol/L. CONCLUSIONS: We provide estimates of reproductive outcomes according to individualized values of serum AMH, in general and in subgroups according to patient's age or serum FSH, which are helpful for the clinician and the couple in their decision making about starting an assisted reproductive treatment.


Subject(s)
Anti-Mullerian Hormone/blood , Reproduction/physiology , Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic , Adult , Estradiol/blood , Female , Fertilization in Vitro , Follicle Stimulating Hormone/blood , Humans , Male , Menstrual Cycle , Oocyte Retrieval , Ovulation Induction , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Outcome , Pregnancy Rate , Prognosis
3.
Fertil Steril ; 99(2): 414-21, 2013 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23158932

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of oocyte maturational stage at retrieval on embryo multinucleation. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Private institution for assisted reproduction. PATIENT(S): A total of 412 patients undergoing 500 intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles between August 2006 and September 2010. INTERVENTION(S): Routine ICSI laboratory procedures. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Normal and abnormal fertilization; embryo development; arrest at pronuclear stage; failure to undergo first mitotic division; presence of embryo multinucleation; embryo quality; pregnancy, implantation, and miscarriage rates. RESULT(S): A significantly lower percentage of multinucleation was found in embryos originating from metaphase II (MII) oocytes when compared with MI-II- and MI-derived oocytes. Significantly fewer multinucleated cells per embryo were observed in MII-derived oocytes. Clinical pregnancy and implantation rates were significantly higher when only embryos derived from MII oocytes were transferred. CONCLUSION(S): Embryo multinucleation rate increases when in vitro-matured (2-5 hours incubation) MI (MI-II) oocytes are used instead of in vivo-matured oocytes in ICSI. Furthermore, all other ICSI outcome parameters are also compromised. The use of donated gametes does not modify these results.


Subject(s)
Cell Nucleus/pathology , Embryo, Mammalian/cytology , Embryonic Development , Infertility/therapy , Metaphase , Oocytes/pathology , Oocytes/transplantation , Abortion, Spontaneous/epidemiology , Adult , Argentina/epidemiology , Comorbidity , Embryo Implantation , Embryonic Induction , Female , Humans , Infertility/epidemiology , Oocytes/classification , Ovulation Induction , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Outcome , Prevalence , Retrospective Studies , Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic , Treatment Outcome
4.
Fertil Steril ; 97(2): 293-8, 2012 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22154371

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlation between sperm superoxide dismutase (SOD) content and motility recovery after thawing of cryopreserved human sperm, based on the rationale that this antioxidant enzyme provides protection against reactive oxygen species-induced damage during cryopreservation. DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: Private infertility institute and university-based research laboratory. PATIENT(S): Forty-two consenting normozoospermic patients consulting for infertility. INTERVENTION(S): The SOD content was measured in sperm from unfractionated samples and in sperm recovered from the pellet fraction obtained after discontinuous density gradient centrifugation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Sperm motility was evaluated post-thaw in the two sets of samples and motility recovery was plotted against the sperm SOD content to determine their correlation. RESULT(S): There was a significant positive correlation between motility recovery after thawing and SOD content in sperm from the 90% gradient pellet containing highly purified mature sperm. There was also a significant negative correlation between motility after thawing and SOD content in the unfractionated sample. CONCLUSION(S): The positive correlation between post-thaw motility recovery and SOD content in mature spermatozoa provides a good predictor of post-thaw motility recovery after cryopreservation.


Subject(s)
Cryopreservation , Semen Preservation/methods , Sperm Motility , Spermatozoa/enzymology , Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism , Adult , Biomarkers/metabolism , Centrifugation, Density Gradient , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Humans , Indoles , Male , Piperazines , Prospective Studies , Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism , Recovery of Function , Semen Preservation/adverse effects , Young Adult
5.
Fertil Steril ; 93(3): 789-94, 2010 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19059590

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of thawing temperature on sperm function after cryopreservation. The technical aspects of sperm cryopreservation have significantly improved over the last few decades. However, a standard protocol designed to optimize sperm motility recovery after thawing has not yet been established. DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: Private infertility institute and university-based research laboratory. PATIENT(S): Eighty consenting normozoospermic patients consulting for infertility. INTERVENTION(S): Spermatozoa from donor semen samples were thawed at different temperatures. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Sperm motility, viability, adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) content, acrosomal status, and DNA integrity were evaluated as a function of thawing temperature in cryopreserved human sperm samples. RESULT(S): Thawing at 40 degrees C resulted in a statistically significant increase in sperm motility recovery compared with thawing at temperatures between 20 degrees C and 37 degrees C. There were no statistically significant differences in sperm viability, acrosomal status, ATP content, and DNA integrity after thawing at 40 degrees C compared with thawing at temperatures between 20 degrees C and 37 degrees C. CONCLUSION(S): Sperm thawing at 40 degrees C could be safely used to improve motility recovery after sperm cryopreservation.


Subject(s)
Cryopreservation/methods , Infertility, Male/therapy , Sperm Motility/physiology , Spermatozoa/cytology , Spermatozoa/physiology , Temperature , Acrosome/physiology , Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism , Adult , DNA Damage , Humans , In Situ Nick-End Labeling , Male , Young Adult
6.
Fertil Steril ; 81(2): 463-4, 2004 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14967393

ABSTRACT

Patients' opinions concerning the use of preimplantation genetic diagnosis were evaluated in a fertility clinic with a specially designed questionnaire. The results of this study suggest that for couples with fertility problems, an embryo with severe genetic abnormalities has a different moral status than a healthy one.


Subject(s)
Preimplantation Diagnosis/psychology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Abortion, Induced/ethics , Abortion, Induced/psychology , Argentina , Female , Health Status , Humans , Pregnancy
7.
Rev. colomb. obstet. ginecol ; 54(4): 227-248, dic. 2003. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-385462

ABSTRACT

La infertilidad es un problema común que afecta a una de cada seis parejas. Puede ser definida como la incapacidad de completar un embarazo luego de un tiempo razonable de relaciones sexuales sin tomar medidas anticonceptivas. Las causas del incremento en la prevalencia de la infertilidad son difíciles de establecer. Este aumento podría deberse por lo menos a cuatro factores: postergación del momento en que se deben tener hijos, alteraciones en la calidad del semen debido a hábitos como el tabaquismo y el alcohol, cambios en la conducta sexual y eliminación de la mayoría de los tabúes. El estudio de la pareja infértil siempre se ha enfocado considerando diferentes factores: el ovulatorio (presente en alrededor de 20 por ciento de las parejas), el útero-tubárico-peritoneal (se observa en el 30 por ciento de las parejas), el de migración del semen (10 por ciento de los casos) y el masculino (30 por ciento de las parejas). Cerca de 40 por ciento de todas las parejas infértiles presentan una combinación de factores y aproximadamente el 15 por ciento no evidencia ninguna alteración objetiva que lleve a un diagnóstico definido. Durante las últimas dos décadas se registraron tres cambios importantes en el enfoque de la infertilidad. En primer lugar, la introducción de las tecnologías de reproducción asistida ha brindado una oportunidad de estudiar los procesos reproductivos básicos. En segundo lugar, han ocurrido cambios en las sociedad tales como un aumento en la proporción de mujeres mayores de 35 años que buscan el embarazo; este hecho obedece a que la gente se casa a edades más tardías y posterga el embarazo. En tercer lugar, el desarrollo de la biología molecular y de la genética se han hecho muy importantes para el estudio, diagnóstico y evaluación de las parejas, muchas de ellas consideradas hasta ahora como "parejas infértiles sin explicación".


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infertility , Argentina
8.
Zygote ; 10(3): 223-8, 2002 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12214803

ABSTRACT

We analysed the distribution of beta-tubulins, acetylated alpha-tubulins and chromatin configuration in 113 human zygotes showing abnormal fertilisation, 16-18 h after conventional in vitro fertilisation (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). After a first characterisation using phase contrast microscopy, immunofluorescence staining was performed in 67 IVF and 46 ICSI zygotes that developed one, three or more pronuclei and/or subnuclei, with or without extrusion of the second polar body. Independently of the number of pronuclei found, beta-tubulins were uniformly distributed throughout the cytoplasm of the abnormal zygotes. We did not observe any kind of microtubule alteration with respect of the ploidy level and/or its origin. The most frequent abnormal fertilisation pattern found after IVF was the presence of three or four pronuclei (74.6%). On the other hand, the presence of one pronucleus (63.0%) was the main pattern found after ICSI. No differences between the two groups were seen in terms of development of subnuclei. Anamolies detected after IVF and ICSI showed different aetiologies such as parthenogenetic activation, gynogenetic or androgenetic development, as well as digynic or diandric fertilisation.


Subject(s)
Fertilization in Vitro , Genome, Human , Microtubules/ultrastructure , Chromatin/metabolism , Female , Humans , Male , Microscopy, Fluorescence , Microscopy, Phase-Contrast , Parents , Parthenogenesis , Ploidies , Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic , Tubulin/metabolism , Zygote/metabolism , Zygote/ultrastructure
9.
Reprod Biomed Online ; 2(1): 41-53, 2001.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12537824

ABSTRACT

Infertility is a common problem affecting one couple in six. It can be defined as the incapacity to fulfill pregnancy after reasonable time of sexual intercourse with no contraceptive measures taken. The evidence for changes in the prevalence of infertility is difficult to establish. This increase could be due to at least four factors: delayed childbearing, alterations in semen quality due to habits such as cigarette smoking and alcohol, changes in sexual behaviour and eliminations of most taboos. The study of infertile couple has always been focussed on different factors: ovulatory factor (present in about 20% of couples), utero-tubal peritoneal factor (present in ~30% of couples), semen migration factor (10% of cases) and male factor (30% of couples). Around 40% of all infertile couples exhibit a combination of factors and about 15% of couples may not display any objective alteration leading to a definite diagnosis. During the past two decades there have been three important changes in infertility practice. First, the introduction of assisted reproduction technologies has provided an opportunity to study basic reproductive processes. Second, societal changes have occurred such as the increase in the proportion of women over 35 years old seeking pregnancy. This fact is due to a later age for marriage and postponement of pregnancy. Third, the development of molecular biology and genetics has become very important for the study, diagnosis and assessment of couples, many of them considered until now as "unexplained infertile couples".

12.
Reproducción ; 14(1): 19-29, jul. 1999. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-248597

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Los primeros estudios relacionados con falla de fecundación en humanos se concentraron en la citogenética del oocito. Más recientemente, los avances en imágenes digitales y microscopía de fluorescencia han permitidos investigar eventos menos conocidos como la movilidad citoplásmica de los pronúcleos masculino y femenino y los mecanismos físicos que dirigen su unión. Objetivo: Analizar cualitativa y cuantitativamente oocitos no fecundados luego de FIV e ICSI, haciendo hincapié en la organización del citoesqueleto, estado de la cromatina, organización del áster y presencia de activaciones abortivas. Materiales y Métodos: Se estudiaron 248 oocitos clasificados como "no fecundados" luego de fertilización in vitro (FIV) e inyección intracitoplásmica de espermatozoides (ICSI) 20-40 hs post inseminación o inyección. El material se procesó para inmunofluorescencia mediante la utilización de anticuerpos monoclonales para la detección de Ó y ß tubulinas y Ó tubulinas acetiladas. El material genético se estudió por tinción con Hoechst 33258 y se analizó por microscopía óptica (UV). El análisis citogenético se realizó en 69 oocitos activados luego de ICSI de acuerdo a la técnica de Tarkowski (1966). Los resultados se analizaron estadísticamente mediante el test de Chi cuadrado. Resultados y Discusión: Inmunofluorescencia: 1) FIV: La principal causa de falla de fecundación luego de FIV fue la ausencia de penetración espermática (54,9 por ciento). De los restantes oocitos estudiados, el 11,4 por ciento mostraron una falla de activación oocitaria y el 23,9 por ciento presentaron fallas en los procesos de nucleación o migración de pronúcleos. 2) ICSI: La principal causa de falla de fecundación luego de ICSI resultó ser la falla de activación oocitaria (36,5 por ciento). Un 14,6 por ciento de los oocitos remanentes detuvieron su desarrollo en la primera placa metafásica. En general, las fallas detectadas luego de FIV ó ICSI resultaron cuantitativamente diferentes. Análisis cromosómico en oocitos activados post ICSI: El estudio cromosómico permitió identificar la presencia de activaciones abortivas, incluyendo metafases III (MIII), núcleos reticulares (NR) y núcleos telofásicos (NT)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Abortion, Eugenic/trends , Fertilization in Vitro , Oocytes/transplantation , Biological Reactions , Fertilization/physiology , Sperm-Ovum Interactions/physiology , Oocytes/pathology , Biological Clocks/physiology
13.
Reproducción ; 14(1): 19-29, jul. 1999. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | BINACIS | ID: bin-14280

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Los primeros estudios relacionados con falla de fecundación en humanos se concentraron en la citogenética del oocito. Más recientemente, los avances en imágenes digitales y microscopía de fluorescencia han permitidos investigar eventos menos conocidos como la movilidad citoplásmica de los pronúcleos masculino y femenino y los mecanismos físicos que dirigen su unión. Objetivo: Analizar cualitativa y cuantitativamente oocitos no fecundados luego de FIV e ICSI, haciendo hincapié en la organización del citoesqueleto, estado de la cromatina, organización del áster y presencia de activaciones abortivas. Materiales y Métodos: Se estudiaron 248 oocitos clasificados como "no fecundados" luego de fertilización in vitro (FIV) e inyección intracitoplásmica de espermatozoides (ICSI) 20-40 hs post inseminación o inyección. El material se procesó para inmunofluorescencia mediante la utilización de anticuerpos monoclonales para la detección de O y ß tubulinas y O tubulinas acetiladas. El material genético se estudió por tinción con Hoechst 33258 y se analizó por microscopía óptica (UV). El análisis citogenético se realizó en 69 oocitos activados luego de ICSI de acuerdo a la técnica de Tarkowski (1966). Los resultados se analizaron estadísticamente mediante el test de Chi cuadrado. Resultados y Discusión: Inmunofluorescencia: 1) FIV: La principal causa de falla de fecundación luego de FIV fue la ausencia de penetración espermática (54,9 por ciento). De los restantes oocitos estudiados, el 11,4 por ciento mostraron una falla de activación oocitaria y el 23,9 por ciento presentaron fallas en los procesos de nucleación o migración de pronúcleos. 2) ICSI: La principal causa de falla de fecundación luego de ICSI resultó ser la falla de activación oocitaria (36,5 por ciento). Un 14,6 por ciento de los oocitos remanentes detuvieron su desarrollo en la primera placa metafásica. En general, las fallas detectadas luego de FIV ó ICSI resultaron cuantitativamente diferentes. Análisis cromosómico en oocitos activados post ICSI: El estudio cromosómico permitió identificar la presencia de activaciones abortivas, incluyendo metafases III (MIII), núcleos reticulares (NR) y núcleos telofásicos (NT) (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Fertilization in Vitro , Abortion, Eugenic/trends , Oocytes , Oocytes/pathology , Fertilization/physiology , Biological Clocks/physiology , Sperm-Ovum Interactions/physiology , Biological Reactions
16.
Obstet. ginecol. latinoam ; 55(4): 231-8, 1997. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-247598

ABSTRACT

La infertilidad asociada con la endometriosis es frecuentemente tratada a través de una técnica de Fertilización in Vitro (FIV) Algunos autores han sugerido que la endometriosis severa puede afectar los resultados de una FIV. El propósito del siguiente estudio fue determinar el efecto de los endometriomas ováricos presentes en el momento de la captación ovocitaria sobre los resultados de la FIV


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Female , Endometriosis , Fertilization in Vitro/methods , Infertility, Female
19.
Obstet. ginecol. latinoam ; 55(4): 231-8, 1997. tab
Article in Spanish | BINACIS | ID: bin-14443

ABSTRACT

La infertilidad asociada con la endometriosis es frecuentemente tratada a través de una técnica de Fertilización in Vitro (FIV) Algunos autores han sugerido que la endometriosis severa puede afectar los resultados de una FIV. El propósito del siguiente estudio fue determinar el efecto de los endometriomas ováricos presentes en el momento de la captación ovocitaria sobre los resultados de la FIV(AU)


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Female , Fertilization in Vitro/methods , Endometriosis , Infertility, Female
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