ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution of cases and the social determinants associated with death from human visceral leishmaniasis (HVL) and VL-HIV co-infection in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais state, Brazil, between 2006 and 2013. Descriptive statistics and analysis of associations were performed using chi-square of the raised variables, such as sex, age, skin colour and schooling of cases of HVL. During the study period, there were 866 cases of HVL with 111 deaths in Belo Horizonte. Morbidity and lethality rates (LR) of HVL in Belo Horizonte remained high over almost all the years evaluated, with an average incidence rate of 4.18 cases/100 000 inhabitants and a LR of 11.16%. With respect to skin colour, it was found that people characterised as black or mulatto had higher morbidity, followed by white. Regarding schooling, LR was more prevalent among individuals with lower education. One of the social risk factors was co-infection with HIV, which was present in many cases of HVL. Furthermore, it was found that older age and the male sex were also risk factors for death from HVL in Belo Horizonte.
Subject(s)
Coinfection/epidemiology , HIV Infections/epidemiology , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Age Factors , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Brazil/epidemiology , Child , Child, Preschool , Coinfection/parasitology , Coinfection/virology , Female , HIV Infections/virology , Humans , Incidence , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/mortality , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/parasitology , Male , Middle Aged , Morbidity , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Sex Factors , Socioeconomic Factors , Young AdultABSTRACT
In this paper, we show that the same panel of three microsatellite markers is useful for the detection of alterations in the DNA of tumor cells and plasma from patients diagnosed with SCLC and NSCLC. In 31% of the SCLC patients, we detected a microsatellite alteration(s) or LOH in at least one locus. In the group of patients diagnosed with NSCLC, a microsatellite alteration or LOH was detected in at least one locus in 33% of the patients. In all but 2 patients, the identical alteration observed in the DNA from tumor cells was also detected in the DNA isolated from blood plasma. This work confirms the results described by other groups and it extends the diagnostic possibilities of finding tumor cell-specific DNA alterations also in the DNA freely circulating in plasma and serum of patients with cancer.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics , Carcinoma, Small Cell/genetics , DNA, Neoplasm/genetics , Lung Neoplasms/genetics , Microsatellite Repeats/genetics , Adult , Aged , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/blood , Carcinoma, Small Cell/blood , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21 , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6 , DNA, Neoplasm/blood , DNA, Neoplasm/isolation & purification , Female , Humans , Lung Neoplasms/blood , Male , Middle Aged , Polymerase Chain Reaction , X ChromosomeABSTRACT
Within the last years the prerequisite was prepared to develop a computerized tumor--patient documentation system including quality monitoring and oncological therapy recommendations for every day use. In medicine today, there is an increasing need for quality oriented low cost and transparent management--what is especially true in the field of oncology. The German Federal Authority of Health demands the documentation of all tumor disorders for the establishment of an cancer registry. For these reasons our study group established the program "OncoDoc" in cooperation with the laboratory for Artificial Intelligence of the University Bremen.
