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1.
Insect Mol Biol ; 7(2): 197-200, 1998 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9535165

ABSTRACT

The coffee berry borer beetle Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) is the major insect pest of coffee and has spread to most of the coffee-growing countries of the world. This beetle also displays an unusual life cycle, with regular sibling mating. This regular inbreeding and the population bottlenecks occurring on colonization of new regions should lead to low levels of genetic diversity. We were therefore interested in determining the level of nucleotide variation in nuclear and mitochondrial genomes of this beetle worldwide. Here we show that two nuclear loci (Resistance to dieldrin and ITS2) are completely invariant, whereas some variability is maintained at a mitochondrial locus (COI), probably corresponding to a higher mutation rate in the mitochondrial genome. Phylogenetic analysis of the mitochondrial data shows only two clades of beetle haplotypes outside of Kenya, the proposed origin of the species. These data confirm that inbreeding greatly reduces nucleotide variation and suggest the recent global spread of only two inbreeding lines of this bark beetle.


Subject(s)
Coleoptera/genetics , Genetic Variation , Animals , Inbreeding
2.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A ; 92(21): 9861-5, 1995 Oct 10.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7568233

ABSTRACT

The coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei, is the most important insect pest of coffee worldwide and has an unusual life history that ensures a high degree of inbreeding. Individual females lay a predominantly female brood within individual coffee berries and because males are flightless there is almost entirely full sib mating. We investigated the genetics associated with this interesting life history after the important discovery of resistance to the cyclodiene type insecticide endosulfan. Both the inheritance of the resistance phenotype and the resistance-associated point mutation in the gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor gene Rdl were examined. Consistent with haplodiploidy, males failed to express and transmit paternally derived resistance alleles. Furthermore, while cytological examination revealed that males are diploid, one set of chromosomes was condensed, and probably nonfunctional, in the somatic cells of all males examined. Moreover, although two sets of chromosomes were present in primary spermatocytes, the chromosomes failed to pair before the single meiotic division, and only one set was packaged in sperm. Thus, the coffee berry borer is "functionally" haplodiploid. Its genetics and life history may therefore represent an interesting intermediate step in the evolution of true haplodiploidy. The influence of this breeding system on the spread of insecticide resistance is discussed.


Subject(s)
Coffee/parasitology , Coleoptera/genetics , Drosophila Proteins , Endosulfan/pharmacology , Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated , Insecticides/pharmacology , Ploidies , Receptors, GABA-A/genetics , Alleles , Animals , Base Sequence , Biological Assay , Chromosomes , Coleoptera/drug effects , Crosses, Genetic , Diploidy , Female , Genes, Insect , Haploidy , Insecticide Resistance/genetics , Male , Meiosis , Molecular Sequence Data , Phenotype , Polymerase Chain Reaction
3.
J Chem Ecol ; 19(4): 763-9, 1993 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24249016

ABSTRACT

Petri dish choice tests conducted on the coffee berry borer (CBB),Hypothenemus hampei, showed that females were able to discriminate between coffee berries at different ripening stages. A Y-shaped glass olfactometer was used to demonstrate that coffee berries emitted volatile chemicals that elicited upwind movement by female CBB. Olfactometer tests with three different solvent extracts of berries showed that at least some of the attractive chemical(s) released by the coffee berries could be extracted with acetone.

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