ABSTRACT
A series of related thalidomide derivatives (2-9) were synthesized by microwave irradiation and evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity. Such activity was assessed in vivo and ex vivo. Compounds 2, 8 and 9 showed the highest levels of inhibition of TNF-α production. On rat paw edema and hyperalgesia assays, compound 9, (1,4-phthalazinedione) demonstrated the highest in vivo anti-inflammatory activity. Thus, compound 9 can be considered as a promising compound to be subjected to further modification to obtain new agents for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
Subject(s)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents , Thalidomide , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/antagonists & inhibitors , Animals , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/chemical synthesis , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use , Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid/immunology , Carrageenan , Edema/chemically induced , Edema/drug therapy , Edema/metabolism , Foot/pathology , Hyperalgesia/chemically induced , Hyperalgesia/drug therapy , Lipopolysaccharides , Male , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Peroxidase/metabolism , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Thalidomide/analogs & derivatives , Thalidomide/pharmacology , Thalidomide/therapeutic use , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/immunologyABSTRACT
Phenazine 5,10-dioxides are prodrugs for antitumor therapy that undergo hypoxic-selective bioreduction to form cytotoxic species. Here we investigate the expanded system benzo[a]phenazine 7,12-dioxides as selective hypoxic cytotoxin-scaffold. The clonogenic survival of V79 cells on aerobic and anaerobic conditions, conduct us to study antiproliferative activity on Caco-2 tumoral cells in normoxia. Electrochemical, DNA-interaction and DNA-damage studies were performed to establish the mode of action. The results demonstrated the potential biological properties of the studied scaffold being derivatives 6-10 structural hits for further chemical-modifications to become into therapeutics for solid tumors. Compounds 6 and 8 with cytotoxicity against V79 cells in both conditions (aerobia and anaerobia) were also cytotoxic against Caco-2 tumoral cells in aerobiosis.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry , Phenazines/chemistry , Animals , Antineoplastic Agents/chemical synthesis , Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Caco-2 Cells , Cell Hypoxia/drug effects , Cell Line , Colonic Neoplasms/drug therapy , Cricetinae , DNA Damage , DNA Fragmentation , Humans , Phenazines/chemical synthesis , Phenazines/toxicityABSTRACT
A series of novel benzoimidazo and N-aryl-5-oxo-imidazo[1,2-b]isoquinoline-10-carbothioamides was developed. All the compounds were evaluated for their in vitro action against the epimastigote form of Trypanosoma cruzi. Four of them showed higher activity than Nifurtimox. Their unspecific cytotoxicity was evaluated using HeLa and L6 cells, being non-toxic at concentrations at least 15 and 200 times higher than that of T. cruzi IC(50.) To gain insight into the mechanism of action, their DNA binding properties and reactivity with glutathione were studied, and QSAR study was performed.
Subject(s)
DNA, Protozoan/metabolism , Imidazoles/chemistry , Imidazoles/pharmacology , Isoquinolines/chemistry , Isoquinolines/pharmacology , Trypanocidal Agents/chemical synthesis , Trypanosoma cruzi/drug effects , Animals , Chagas Disease/drug therapy , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Glutathione/chemistry , Glutathione/metabolism , HeLa Cells , Humans , Imidazoles/metabolism , Imidazoles/toxicity , Isoquinolines/metabolism , Isoquinolines/toxicity , Models, Molecular , Oxidation-Reduction/drug effects , Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship , Trypanocidal Agents/metabolism , Trypanocidal Agents/pharmacology , Trypanocidal Agents/toxicityABSTRACT
A new series of bis-aminomethylnaphthalenes were synthesized in satisfactory overall yield, through a simple synthetic strategy using reductive amination. The DNA binding properties of these compounds have been examined and compared to those of reference drugs using an UV spectroscopy method. The compounds were evaluated for their in vitro anticancer activity and some of them were studied in vivo. Compound 15 exhibited remarkable antitumor activity and represents a novel template for anticancer chemotherapy and can serve as a new lead compound.
