ABSTRACT
Background and Objectives: The COVID-19 disease has significantly burdened the healthcare system, including all units of severe patient treatment. Non-intensive care units were established to rationalize the capacity within the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and to create a unit where patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) could be treated with non-invasive Continuous Positive Air Pressure (CPAP) outside the ICU. This unicentric retrospective study aimed to assess the efficacy of NIV Treatment in Patients of the fourth pandemic wave and how its application affects the frequency and mortality of ICU-treated patients at University Hospital Rijeka compared to earlier waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, the study showcases the effect of the Patient/Nurse ratio (P/N ratio) on overall mortality in the ICU. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on two groups of patients with respiratory insufficiency in the second and third pandemic waves, treated in the COVID Respiratory Centre (CRC) (153 patients). We also reviewed a cohort of patients from the fourth pandemic wave who were initially hospitalized in a COVID-6 non-intensive unit from 1 October 2021 to 1 November 2022 (102 patients), and some of them escalated to CRC. Results: The introduction of the CPAP non-invasive ventilation method as a means of hypoxic respiratory failure treatment in non-intensive care units has decreased the strain, overall number of admissions, and CRC patient mortality. The overall fourth wave mortality was 29.4%, compared to the 58.2% overall mortality of the second and third waves. Conclusions: As a result, this has decreased CRC patient admissions and, by itself, overall mortality.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Continuous Positive Airway Pressure , Humans , COVID-19/therapy , COVID-19/mortality , Continuous Positive Airway Pressure/methods , Retrospective Studies , Female , Male , Middle Aged , Aged , Intensive Care Units/statistics & numerical data , SARS-CoV-2 , Treatment Outcome , Respiratory Insufficiency/therapy , Respiratory Insufficiency/mortality , Hospital Mortality , Pandemics , Respiratory Distress Syndrome/therapy , Respiratory Distress Syndrome/mortalityABSTRACT
Bilateral COVID-19 pneumonia is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and usually leads to life-threatening acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Treatment of patients with ARDS is difficult and usually involves protective mechanical ventilation and various types of recruitment maneuvers. A segmental lung recruitment maneuver by independent lung ventilation has been described as a successful recruitment maneuver in patients with lobar pneumonia, and may, therefore, be useful for the treatment of patients with bilateral COVID-19 pneumonia complicated by ARDS in the critical phase of the disease when all other therapeutic options have been exhausted. The aim of this case series was to present a case report of four mechanically ventilated patients with severe bilateral COVID-19 pneumonia complicated by ARDS using the segmental lung recruitment maneuver. The effect of the segmental lung recruitment maneuver was assessed by the increase in PaO2/FiO2 ratio and the lung ultrasound (LUS) scoring system (0 points-presence of sliding lungs with A-lines or one or two isolated B-lines; 1 point-moderate loss of lung ventilation with three to five B lines; 2 points-severe loss of lung ventilation with more than five B lines (B pattern); and 3 points-lung consolidation) determined 12, 24, and 48 h after segmental lung recruitment. In three of four patients with bilateral COVID-19 pneumonia complicated by ARDS, an increase in the PaO2/FiO2 ratio and an improvement in the LUS scoring system were observed 48 h after segmental lung recruitment. In conclusion, the segmental lung recruitment maneuver in patients with bilateral COVID-19 complicated by ARDS is an effective method of lung recruitment and may be a useful treatment method.
