Group B streptococcal chorioamnionitis and neonatal septicemia following 8 days pivampicillin and metronidazol prophylaxis after premature rupture of membranes; a case report.

A case of preterm premature rupture of the membranes (PPROM) in the 31st week of gestation is reported. Initial cultures from the cervix and urine were without pathogenic microorganisms. After 8 days of prophylactic pivampicillin and metronidazol, culture from the cervix showed profuse growth of Group B Streptococci (GBS) and the patient developed symptoms of chorioamnionitis. Cesarean section was performed and the infant presented GBS-septicemia. In spite of continued treatment with pivampicillin, culture from the cervix on day 6 post partum still showed profuse growth of GBS. Prolonged prophylactic per oral administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics after PPROM may not always protect against infectious complications. Literature is reviewed, and it is discussed whether the applied regimen in some cases even may favour the occurrence of serious infections.