Subject(s)
Schizophrenia/genetics , Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Probability , Schizophrenia/epidemiology , Twins, Dizygotic/psychologySubject(s)
Fetal Hemoglobin , Gestational Age , Blood Glucose/analysis , Female , Hemoglobin A/analysis , Humans , Mathematics , PregnancySubject(s)
Body Weight , Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena , Parenteral Nutrition , Adult , Child , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Sex FactorsSubject(s)
Diabetic Retinopathy/physiopathology , Pupil/physiopathology , Adult , Age Factors , Female , Humans , Male , Sex FactorsSubject(s)
Attitude of Health Personnel , Home Care Services , Natural Childbirth , Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Risk , Socioeconomic Factors , UtahSubject(s)
Avoidance Learning/drug effects , Cyprinidae , Ethanol/pharmacology , Animals , Electroshock , LightABSTRACT
Synthetic rat scotophobin was injected intracranially into common goldfish (Carassius auratus) which were then trained to avoid light or dark. The substance interacts with the learning process in goldfish in an apparently specific way, facilitating the acquisition of dark avoidance, a task homologous with that acquired by rats from which the natural peptide was isolated, while inhibiting acquisition of light avoidance.
Subject(s)
Avoidance Learning/drug effects , Peptides/pharmacology , Animals , Cyprinidae , Darkness , Light , Peptides/administration & dosageABSTRACT
The responses of white rats were maintained on an unsignalled free-operant avoidance schedule. Superimposed on the avoidance schedule was a blinking white light followed immediately by response-independent electric shock. Duration of the light stimulus was either 1 or 3 min. Avoidable shock was 1.5 mA; response-independent shock was 7.5 mA. Suppression of responding during the light stimulus (both durations) developed over sessions. Responding immediately following the response-independent light-shock sequence was neither suppressed nor accelerated. The similarity is noted between the present result and findings of "positive conditioned suppression".
