Breastmilk PUFA strongly associated with maternal dietary intake but not anthropometric parameters and breastmilk carotenoids.

BACKGROUND: Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and the optimal n-6/n-3 fatty acids ratio are essential for proper neurodevelopment in infancy. This study aimed to evaluate the association between breastmilk fatty acid intake and maternal dietary intake, anthropometrics and breastmilk carotenoid levels. METHODS: This observational, prospective study included 44 women in the first, third, and sixth month of lactation. At each study visit, maternal anthropometric measures were assessed and breastmilk samples were collected and assessed for fatty acids and carotenoids. At the third and sixth month, maternal diet was evaluated by three-day foods record. RESULTS: Mean breastmilk docosahexaenoic (DHA) was 0.58%, 0.47%, and 0.49%, respectively at the 1, 3, and 6 month (p ≤ 0.05). Mean DHA intake were higher in month 3 compared to 6: 357 vs. 169 mg/day. Pre-pregnancy BMI was associated with SFA, PUFA, and n-6 PUFA at 1 month, whereas current BMI to SFA at months 1 and 3. DHA was correlated with lycopene, total carotenoids at 1 month and total carotenoids at month 3, whereas n-3 PUFA to lycopene at 1 month. DHA, n-3 PUFA, n-6 PUFA and saturated (SFA) levels were associated with its dietary intake both at months 3 and 6, AA/DHA and LA/ALA ratios only at month 3. CONCLUSIONS: Maternal intake of PUFA and n-6/n-3 ratios were a good predictor of its breastmilk composition, whereas pre-pregnancy and current BMI, as well as breastmilk carotenoids had a limited influence.

[The phosphorus supply of swine between 11 and 38 kg. live weight. 2. The phosphorus, calcium and ash deposit in skeletal and soft tissue homogenates during P deprivation and during the use of two different phosphate feedings and different ration conditions]. / Untersuchungen zur Phosphorversorgung von Schweinen im Lebendmasseabschnitt 11-38 kg. 2. Mitteilung. Der Phosphor-, Kalzium- und Ascheansatz im Skelett- und Weichgewebehomogenat bei P-Unterversorgung und bei Einsatz von zwei verschiedenen Futterphosphaten sowie unterschiedlicher Rationsgestaltung.

The influence of phosphorus (P) supply on the content of ash, P and Ca of the skeleton and soft tissue as well on the P deposition in the empty body of pigs (approximately 35 kg live weight) was studied in 3 individual feeding experiments with different diets (P-content 2.97, 2.41 or 3.7 g/kg diet). In each experiment 2 of the 3 groups (7 or 8 animals per group, initial weight approximately 11 kg) were supplemented with the feed grade phosphates "Rükana" or "Cefkaphos". In the experiments the supplemented amount of P as "Rükana" or "Cefkaphos" was 2.50, 2.33 or 0.5 g/kg of the diet. After intake of approximately 65 kg of the diet the animals were slaughtered. Homogenates of bones and soft tissues of the left half of the empty body were analysed for ash, P and Ca. Both of the feed grade phosphates increased these parameters in the skeleton and soft tissues as well the P deposition in the body to the same level. In the middle of the experiments the P deposition per kg live weight gain amounted to 4.6 g ("Rükana") and 4.4 g ("Cefkaphos").

[The performance of weaned piglets after a five week weaning period in relation to the weaning weight, the feed composition and the use of an effective ergotropic]. / Die Leistung nach fünf Wochen Säugezeit abgesetzter Ferkel in Abhängigkeit von der Absetzmasse, der Futter-zusammensetzung und dem Einsaz eines wirksamen Ergotropikums.

In a three-factorial experiment with 216 piglets of the same age (33 +/- 4 days) but a different weight (weaning weight from 5.5 to 9 kg) a conventional piglet rearing feed containing 20% crude protein (standard), a high-energy diet and a low-protein diet (16% crude protein) were tested. In three weaning weight classes the three diets were fed without or with Bisergon [2-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-carbamoyl-3-methylquinoxaline-1.4-dioxide] over a period of 21 days. From the 22nd to the 71st day after weaning all the piglets received the standard diet without ergotropic. Among the factors studied the Bisergon supplement had the biggest effect. The additional weight gain varied from 9% in case of heavy piglets fed the high energy diet to 150% in case of light piglets fed the low protein diet. The ergotropic improved feed conversion by 22% and lowered the frequency of gastrointestinal diseases requiring treatment by 28%. At the end of the rearing period the weight of the piglets initially fed with Bisergon (means = 34.6 kg) was significantly higher than that of the control animals (means = 31.6 kg). The weaning weight and the diets influenced the final weight especially in the groups without ergotropic. In this case the piglets fed with the high-energy diet gained 30% more and those fed with the low-protein diet 40% less compared with the standard group. The average live weight gain of the light piglets (weaning weight 6.1 kg) was 30% lower than that of the heavier piglets (weaning weight 8.5 kg). The frequency of treatment against diarrhoea of the heavy piglets was by one third lower than that of the light animals. The piglets fed with the low-protein diet appeared to show a limitation of gastrointestinal diseases, but these animals also had the lowest feed intake. Independent of the Bisergon supplementation the weaning weight clearly influenced the live weight after the 10-week experiment. The initially better development of the animals started with the high-energy diet was compensated. In contrast to this, the piglets weighing 6.1 and 7.2 kg fed with the low-protein diet could not compensate the retarded development in comparison with the piglets fed with the standard or the high-energy diet. This experiment confirms the enormous improvement of the performance and of the health status of weaned piglets caused by the ergotropic Bisergon.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

[Effect of abstinence on visual evoked potentials in alcoholics]. / Wplyw abstynencji na wzrokowe potencjaly wywolane u osób uzaleznionych od alkoholu.

Visual evoked potentials (VEP) were studied in 61 alcohol-dependent subjects analysing the amplitude and latency of the first major positive wave (P100) and carrying out the determinations three times, in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd weeks of abstinence. The results were compared with similar ones obtained in healthy subjects without a history of alcohol abuse. In the acute stage of alcohol withdrawal a significant rise was observed in the amplitude of the cortical P100/N120 complex. With regression of the clinical symptoms of withdrawal syndrome the amplitude of visual potentials decreased and demonstrated partial normalization. The mean P100 latency was significantly longer in relation to the control group and was not changed during the withdrawal period. Amplitude increase was regarded as an evidence of hyperexcitability of the central nervous system, and latency prolongation as a result of the toxic effects of alcohol and nicotine on the optic nerve.