ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of livin on the Th2 immune response in airway allergic diseases (AAD) and explore the interaction among livin, GATA3, IL-4 in peripheral blood CD4+ T cells of AAD patients. METHODS: WT mice and livin KO mice were developed for model of AAD. Th2 cell levels in the lung tissues and spleen were assessed by flow cytometry. Also, it was assessed in the culture after exposing to livin inhibitor (Lp-15); the protein and mRNA levels of livin, GATA3 and IL-4 in peripheral blood CD4+ T cells isolated from patients with or without AAD were measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blotting, respectively. Finally, Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) was employed to identify the interaction between livin and GATA3. RESULTS: Compared with WT mouse, Th2 cell frequency in lung tissues and spleen was significantly decreased in livin KO mouse; after adding Lp-15, the differentiation from Naive CD4+T cells in spleen to Th2 cells was blocked; the protein and mRNA levels of livin, GATA3 and IL-4 in AAD group were higher than that in control group. The levels of livin were positively correlated with IL-4, and GATA3 was also positively correlated with IL-4 and livin. GATA3 was detected in the protein complex co-precipitated with livin antibody, and livin was also detected in the protein complex co-precipitated by GATA3 antibody. CONCLUSION: Livin increases the expression of IL-4 and facilitates naive CD4+ T cells to differentiate into Th2 cells, which triggers airway allergy.
Subject(s)
Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins , Respiratory Hypersensitivity , Th2 Cells , Animals , Cytokines/immunology , Disease Models, Animal , GATA3 Transcription Factor/genetics , GATA3 Transcription Factor/immunology , Hypersensitivity , Immunity , Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins/genetics , Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins/immunology , Interleukin-4/immunology , Mice , RNA, Messenger , Respiratory Hypersensitivity/genetics , Respiratory Hypersensitivity/immunology , Th2 Cells/immunologyABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: We sought to assess the incidence, symptoms, and risk factors of perioperative hemorrhagic complications in patients undergoing pelvic floor reconstructive surgery. METHODS: This is a retrospective study on 694 consecutive patients who underwent pelvic floor reconstructive surgery with or without using mesh in our hospital over a 3-year period. RESULTS: We identified 694 pelvic floor reconstructive procedures from 2014 to 2016, including complete/incomplete colpocleisis (176, 25.4%), sacral colpopexy/hysteropexy with mesh (140, 20.1%), colporrhaphy (77, 11.1%) or vaginal mesh repair (99, 43.1%). Two patients who received only sacrospinous ligament suspension were excluded. There were 68 (9.8%) and 3 (0.1%) patients whose blood loss reached 200 and 500 ml respectively. Procedures involving mesh and vaginal hysterectomy (VH) caused more intraoperative blood loss. Postoperative hemoglobin drop was least in colpocleisis (p < 0.05). All 6 of the patients (0.9%) who developed postoperative pelvic hematoma underwent concomitant VH, and 5 of them received mesh. CONCLUSIONS: Hemorrhagic complications during or after pelvic floor reconstructive surgery are rare. Mesh use and concomitant VH are two major surgical risk factors for hemorrhagic complications in pelvic floor reconstructive surgery.
