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1.
Acta pediatr. esp ; 71(4): 105-110, abr. 2013. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-111836

ABSTRACT

Saber estructurar la metodología de búsqueda de información y actualización en los recursos que pone a nuestra disposición internet (en la Web 1.0 y 2.0) es básico para cualquier profesional de la sanidad. En este artículo intentamos responder a 3 preguntas básicas para el pediatra: dónde buscar, cómo buscar y cómo mantenerse actualizado. Exponemos la sistemática de búsqueda y actualización que proponemos desde el Grupo de Trabajo de Pediatría Basada en la Evidencia, teniendo en cuenta una premisa: que no existe una metodología de búsqueda de información bibliográfica ideal o universal(AU)


Knowing how to structure the methodology for the information search and how to be updated on the resources available on the internet (Web 1.0 and 2.0) is basic to any health professional. In this article we try to answer three basic questions for the pediatrician: where to search, how to search and how to be updated. We describe the systematic searching and updating methodology we propose from the Evidence Based Pediatrics Working Group, taking into account that there is no an ideal or universal methodology for bibliographic information searching(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Access to Information/ethics , Information Literacy , Information Services/instrumentation , Information Services/standards , Information Services , Bibliometrics , Webcasts as Topic/instrumentation , Webcasts as Topic , Pediatrics/education , Information Services/organization & administration , Information Services/trends , Internet/organization & administration , Internet/standards , Internet
2.
Acta pediatr. esp ; 70(7): 289-295, jul. 2012. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-102780

ABSTRACT

Para realizar una mejor gestión de la información en pediatría hemos de conocer las «fuentes» de información (primarias, secundarias y terciarias), la «pirámide» del conocimiento de las«6S» y el estado actual de las «revoluciones» pendientes en biomedicina y ciencias de la salud. De esta forma, será más fácil pasar de la información al conocimiento y del conocimiento a la acción en nuestra práctica clínica(AU)


In order to improve health care and medical standards we need to develop the management of information in pediatrics. To achieve this goal, we have to know the primary, secondary and tertiary "resources", the "6S pyramid" model and the actual situation of "revolution" in biomedical and health sciences. In this manner it will be easier to move from information to knowledge and from knowledge to action(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Information Services , Medical Informatics/methods , Information Systems , /statistics & numerical data , /trends , Information Storage and Retrieval , Bibliometrics , Pediatrics/education , Pediatrics/statistics & numerical data , International Network of Information and Knowledge Sources for Sciences, Technology and Innovation Management , Information Storage and Retrieval/methods , Information Storage and Retrieval/standards , Pediatrics/history , Pediatrics/organization & administration , Pediatrics/standards
3.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 14(53): 83-87, ene.-mar. 2012.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-99951

ABSTRACT

Se formula un escenario clínico en el que un bebé presenta cólico del lactante (CL), cuestionando los padres si la utilización de probióticos podría ayudarles. El pediatra, tras elaborar la pregunta clínica estructurada, realiza una búsqueda bibliográfica, encontrando dos estudios que abordan esta cuestión concreta. Estos estudios concluyen que Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri), comparado con simeticona o placebo, parece eficaz para disminuir las horas de llanto de los niños con CL. Pero el pediatra, tras realizar la valoración crítica de estas dos publicaciones, llega a la conclusión de que las limitaciones metodológicas de los estudios revisados no permiten establecer actualmente una recomendación firme para administrar preparados de L. reuteri como tratamiento del CL. Se recomienda proporcionar información a los padres sobre el CL con el objeto de tranquilizarlos acerca de su evolución. El consejo adecuado proporcionado por un profesional sanitario es eficaz para disminuir la sintomatología clínica del niño (AU)


The clinical scenario of a baby with infant colic is described. The parents ask if a compound of probiotics could be of help. The pediatrician produces a structured clinical question and then a bibliographic search where he finds two articles of interest for this question. These papers conclude that Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri), compared to simethicone or placebo, seems effective in reducing the hours of crying in children with infantile colic (IC). But the pediatrician, after doing the critical appraisal concludes that the methodological limitations of the reviewed studies do not allow currently a strong recommendation on giving preparations of L. reuteri as a treatment for IC. It is recommended to provide information to parents on the IC in order to reassure them about their evolution. Appropriate advice provided by a health professional is effective in reducing infant clinical symptoms (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Evidence-Based Medicine/methods , Evidence-Based Medicine/trends , Colic/complications , Colic/diagnosis , Colic/therapy , Crying/physiology , Probiotics/metabolism , Probiotics/therapeutic use , Limosilactobacillus reuteri/isolation & purification , Primary Health Care/methods , Primary Health Care
4.
An. pediatr. (2003, Ed. impr.) ; 75(5): 298-306, nov. 2011. tab, graf, ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-97663

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El objetivo de la presente revisión sistemática es determinar si el tratamiento antibiótico de la faringoamigdalitis estreptocócica con una dosis diaria de amoxicilina tiene una eficacia similar a otras posologías (cada 8 o 12h) del mismo antibiótico o de penicilina V. Material y métodos: Se incluyeron ensayos clínicos aleatorios (ECA), que compararan amoxicilina (1 dosis/día) frente a otras posologías de amoxicilina (cada 8-12h) o penicilina V (cada 6, 8 o 12h). Bases de datos y buscadores consultados: Medline, Central, EMBASE y Google Académico. Los resultados se combinaron estimándose la diferencia de riesgos ponderada (DR). Se midió la eficacia del tratamiento por la negativización de cultivo orofaríngeo previamente positivo a estreptococo del grupo A a los 14-21 días (bajo una hipótesis de no inferioridad, considerando como tal que el límite superior del intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC del 95%] de la DR no supere el 10%) y la recaída clínica a los 10-21 días. Los resultados se combinaron siguiendo un modelo de efectos fijos o aleatorios según existiera o no heterogeneidad. Resultados: Cumplieron los criterios de selección 4 ECA con 1.314 participantes (657 recibieron amoxicilina 1 vez/día y 657 otros antibióticos o posologías): a) cultivo positivo para cualquier estreptococo (14-21 días, 4 ECA): DR: –0,5% (IC del 95%, –5,1% a 4,2%; b) persistencia del mismo serotipo (14-21 días, 3 ECA): DR: 0,32% (IC del 95%, –3,1% a 3,7%; c) recaída clínica (10-21 días, 2 ECA): DR: 1,7% (IC del 95%, –1,9% a 5,4%); d) efectos adversos (4 ECA): DR: –0,39% (IC del 95%, –1,5% a 6,8%(. No existieron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en ninguna de las comparaciones realizadas. Conclusiones: La amoxicilina, administrada en una sola dosis diaria, no es inferior a otras posologías del mismo antibiótico o de penicilina V. Estos resultados son importantes ya que pueden facilitar el cumplimiento terapéutico (AU)


Introduction: The objective of this systematic review is to determine if the treatment of streptococcal pharyngitis with a daily dose of amoxicillin is similar in effectiveness to other dosing schedules (every 6, 8 or 12hours) of the same antibiotic or penicillin V. Material and methods: Randomised clinical trials (RCT) comparing amoxicillin (one dose per day) compared to other dosages of amoxicillin (every 8-12hours) or penicillin V (every 6, 8 or 12hours). Search databases consulted: Medline, Central, EMBASE and Google Scholar. The results were combined using the risk difference (RD). We measured the effectiveness of each treatment with a negative throat culture on the 14-21th day, being previously positive to group A Streptococcus (under a non-inferiority hypothesis, where the upper limit of the 95% confidence interval [95% CI] of the DR does not exceed 10%) and clinical failure on days 10-21. The results were combined according to a fixed effects model or random depending on whether or not there was heterogeneity. Results: Four RCT met the selection criteria with 1,314 participants (657 received amoxicillin once per day, and 657 received other antibiotics or dosages): a) any positive culture for Streptococcus (14-21st day, 4 RCTs): DR: –0.5% (95% CI: –5.1% to 4.2%; b) persistence of the same serotype (14-21st day, 3 RCT): DR: 0.32% (95% CI: –3.1% to 3.7%; c) clinical failure (2 RCT): DR: 1.7% (95% CI: –1.9% to 5.4%; d) adverse effects (4 RCT): DR: –0.39% (95% CI: –1.5% to 6.8%). There were no statistically significant differences in any comparisons. Conclusions: Amoxicillin, administered once daily is not inferior to other dosages of the same antibiotic or penicillin V. These results are important because they may facilitate compliance (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Tonsillitis/drug therapy , Amoxicillin/therapeutic use , Clinical Trials as Topic/methods , Meta-Analysis as Topic , Streptococcus pyogenes/isolation & purification , Penicillin V/therapeutic use , Pneumococcal Infections/drug therapy , 28599 , Confidence Intervals
5.
An Pediatr (Barc) ; 75(5): 298-306, 2011 Nov.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21703951

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The objective of this systematic review is to determine if the treatment of streptococcal pharyngitis with a daily dose of amoxicillin is similar in effectiveness to other dosing schedules (every 6, 8 or 12 hours) of the same antibiotic or penicillin V. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Randomised clinical trials (RCT) comparing amoxicillin (one dose per day) compared to other dosages of amoxicillin (every 8-12 hours) or penicillin V (every 6, 8 or 12 hours). Search databases consulted: Medline, Central, EMBASE and Google Scholar. The results were combined using the risk difference (RD). We measured the effectiveness of each treatment with a negative throat culture on the 14-21th day, being previously positive to group A Streptococcus (under a non-inferiority hypothesis, where the upper limit of the 95% confidence interval [95% CI] of the DR does not exceed 10%) and clinical failure on days 10-21. The results were combined according to a fixed effects model or random depending on whether or not there was heterogeneity. RESULTS: Four RCT met the selection criteria with 1,314 participants (657 received amoxicillin once per day, and 657 received other antibiotics or dosages): a) any positive culture for Streptococcus (14-21st day, 4 RCTs): DR: -0.5% (95% CI: -5.1% to 4.2%; b) persistence of the same serotype (14-21st day, 3 RCT): DR: 0.32% (95% CI: -3.1% to 3.7%; c) clinical failure (2 RCT): DR: 1.7% (95% CI: -1.9% to 5.4%; d) adverse effects (4 RCT): DR: -0.39% (95% CI: -1.5% to 6.8%). There were no statistically significant differences in any comparisons. CONCLUSIONS: Amoxicillin, administered once daily is not inferior to other dosages of the same antibiotic or penicillin V. These results are important because they may facilitate compliance.


Subject(s)
Amoxicillin/administration & dosage , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Streptococcal Infections/drug therapy , Tonsillitis/drug therapy , Tonsillitis/microbiology , Child , Drug Administration Schedule , Humans
6.
An Pediatr (Barc) ; 74(3): 154-60, 2011 Mar.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21237732

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this systematic review is to assess whether antibacterial agents are more effective than either placebo or no intervention at all in the treatment of acute bacterial sinusitis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We reviewed the databases and search engines: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Google Scholar to identify randomized clinical trials (RCTs) in children comparing antibiotics versus placebo. Sinusitis was considered as the persistence of clinically compatible symptoms for at least 10 days. The methodological quality was assessed using the Jadad scale. Four RCTs were selected. We studied the following variables: cure, clinical improvement (on days 10 to 14), relapse-recurrence (from day 14 to day 60) and presence of adverse effects. The results were combined using meta-analysis. We used the fixed effects model or random model depending on whether or not there was heterogeneity. We estimated the combined relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval. RESULTS: Only two RCTs had a Jadad scale score ≥3. Variable cure-improvement (4 RCTs): RR 1.11 (95% CI: 0.9 to 1.3). Variable relapse-recurrence (3 RCTs): RR 0.9 (95% CI: 0.6 to 1.5). Adverse effects (4 RCTs): 2.01 (95% CI 1.1 to 3.8). CONCLUSIONS: In children with acute sinusitis, antibacterial agents at the studied doses did not appear to provide benefit in terms of cure and improvement, assessed at 10 to 14 days of follow up. Similarly, the percentage of relapse-recurrence was not lower among children who received antibiotics. Antibiotics are associated more frequently with adverse effects.


Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Sinusitis/drug therapy , Acute Disease , Child , Humans , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
7.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 12(supl.18): s9-s72, mar. 2010. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-82172

ABSTRACT

Introducción: existe controversia sobre el tipo de profesional más adecuado –pediatras (PED) o médicos de familia/generales (MF/MG)– para prestar atención sanitaria a niños y adolescentes en Atención Primaria (AP). No existen revisiones sistemáticas previas que hayan estudiado este aspecto. El objetivo de este estudio es comparar la atención sanitaria proporcionada por PED y MF/MG en los siguientes aspectos de la práctica clínica: la prescripción de antibióticos (ATB), la indicación de pruebas diagnósticas, el manejo de la otitis media (OMA), del asma, del síndrome febril y de diversas alteraciones psicopatológicas, así como la realización de actividades preventivas. Material y métodos: diseño de estudio: revisión sistemática. Fuente de los datos: hasta diciembre de 2008 se revisaron las bases de datos MEDLINE y CENTRAL, el metabuscador TRIP Database y el buscador Google Académico para recuperar artículos originales y revisiones sistemáticas que compararan la práctica clínica de ambos tipos de profesionales. No se efectuó restricción por idioma. Selección de estudios: se incluyeron estudios de cualquier tipo de diseño (transversal, cohortes, casos y controles, experimentales) que compararan la práctica clínica del PED y el MF/MG. Se excluyeron todas las referencias que no contuvieran investigación original (cartas al director o editoriales). Asimismo, se evaluó la calidad metodológica de cada estudio con el instrumento “OSTEBA; Fichas de lectura crítica”. Dicha calidad era valorada de forma independiente por dos revisores, que llegaban a un consenso en caso de discrepancia. La extracción de datos fue realizada por siete parejas de revisores de forma independiente. Las discrepancias se resolvieron mediante consenso. Resultados: como promedio, los MF/MG prescribieron más ATB que los PED en infecciones del tracto respiratorio superior de probable etiología vírica –odds ratio (OR): 1,4; intervalo de confianza del 95% (IC 95%): 1,1-1,8–. Los PED tuvieron más probabilidades de adherirse a las recomendaciones de guías de práctica clínica sobre el manejo del síndrome febril (OR: 9; IC 95%: 3-25) y del trastorno por déficit de atención con/sin hiperactividad (OR: 5; IC 95%: 3-11), y una mayor capacidad de resolución para otras enfermedades de elevada prevalencia durante la infancia y la adolescencia (como asma y OMA). Los PED presentaban porcentajes de vacunación superiores a los de los MF/MG en todos los estudios que evaluaron este resultado. Conclusión: en vista de los resultados expuestos, parece recomendable mantener la figura del PED en los equipos de AP y reforzar su función específica como primer punto de contacto del niño con el sistema sanitario (AU)


Introduction: There is controversy about which health professional is the most adequate –pediatricians (PED) or family practitioners/general physicians (FP/GP)– to provide health care services to children and adolescents in Primary Care (PC). There are not previous systematic reviews approaching this subject in the previously published literature. The objective of this study is to compare health care provided between PED and FP/GP in the following aspects of the clinical practice: antibiotic (ATB) prescription; diagnostic test indication; acute otitis media (AOM), asthma, febrile syndrome and several psychopathological conditions’ management; and preventive measures accomplishment. Material and methods: study design: systematic review. Data sources: MEDLINE and CENTRAL databases, TRIP Database and Google Scholar, were searched until December 2008 to retrieve original papers and systematic reviews comparing the clinical practice of both kinds of health professionals. No language restriction was made. Studies’ selection: studies of any kind of design were included (cross-sectional, cohorts, case-controls and experimental) comparing the clinical practice of PED and FP/GP. The references without original research were excluded (letters to the editor, editorials). The methodological quality of each study was assessed with the tool “OSTEBA; Critical Appraisal Cards”. Two reviewers assessed the quality of the studies independently, achieving consensus in case of discrepancy. Seven pairs of reviewers made the data extraction independently. Discrepancies were achieved by consensus. Results: On average, FP/GP prescribed more ATB than PED in upper respiratory tract infections of probable viral etiology –odds ratio (OR): 1.4; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.1-1.8–; PED were more likely to adhere to clinical guidelines recommendations on febrile syndrome management (OR: 9; 95% CI: 3-25) and on attention deficit disorder with/without hyperactivity (OR: 5; 95% CI: 3-11), and showed more resolution capacity on other highly prevalent conditions in children and adolescents (such as asthma and AOM). PED showed higher vaccination coverage than FP/GP in all the studies assessing this result. Conclusion: based on the presented results, it seems reasonable to recommend maintaining the PED figure in PC health centers and reinforcing its specific task as the first point of contact of the child with the health care system (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Primary Health Care/methods , Primary Health Care/trends , Pediatrics , Pediatrics/organization & administration , Otitis Media/diagnosis , Otitis Media/therapy , Immunization , Primary Health Care , Cross-Sectional Studies , Cohort Studies , Family Practice/methods , 28599 , Case-Control Studies , Asthma/diagnosis , Asthma/therapy , Primary Prevention/methods , Primary Prevention/trends
10.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 11(supl.15): s69-s80, abr.-jun. 2009. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-75232

ABSTRACT

En este artículo se resumen las principales intervenciones utilizadas para el tratamientoy prevención de la dermatitis atópica (DA). Para ello, se han revisado bases dedatos secundarias y guías de práctica clínica de buena calidad metodológica con el objetivode ofrecer una visión general de la eficacia de estas medidas. Para la redacción deeste artículo se han utilizado principalmente dos recursos, Clinical Evidence y la guía depráctica clínica de NICE. Se ha complementado su información, cuando se ha estimadopreciso, con otras fuentes de información, principalmente revisiones sistemáticas de laColaboración Cochrane(AU)


This article summarizes the most important interventions used in the treatment andprevention of atopic dermatitis (DA). Secondary databases and good methodological qualityclinical guidelines have been reviewed in order to offer a general overview of the availableevidence of these measures. Two resources have mainly been used: Clinical Evidenceand the clinical guideline NICE.Its information has been completed, when necessary, with other information resources,mainly systematic reviews of the Cochrane Collaboration(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Dermatitis, Atopic/therapy , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use , Immunologic Factors/therapeutic use , Phototherapy , Feeding Behavior/physiology , Hygroscopic Agents/administration & dosage , Hygroscopic Agents/therapeutic use , Hygiene , Bacterial Infections/prevention & control , Precipitating Factors , Probiotics/therapeutic use
11.
An Pediatr (Barc) ; 69(2): 154-8, 2008 Aug.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18755121

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: to compare the economic cost of the diagnostic and therapeutic process of the community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in primary care in two periods (1999 and 2004-05). During the second period they were adapted to the recommendations of three clinical practice guidelines (CPG) on diagnosis and treatment of the pneumonia. PATIENTS AND METHODS: There were 57 episodes of CAP in 1999 and 95 in 2004-05. The cost per episode in each period is estimated. RESULTS: The total cost of the diagnostic and therapeutic process in dropped in 2004-05 compared to 1999: 46.59 euros compared to 71.66 euros (p < 0.05). Six children were referred to the hospital in 1999 compared to 13 in 2004-05, there were no significant differences. CONCLUSIONS: Adherence to the recommendations of the GPC produced a decrease in the cost of the diagnostic and therapeutic process of CAP without involving a decrease in rate of resolution of the disease.


Subject(s)
Pneumonia, Bacterial/drug therapy , Pneumonia, Bacterial/economics , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Community-Acquired Infections/drug therapy , Community-Acquired Infections/economics , Costs and Cost Analysis , Humans , Infant
12.
An. pediatr. (2003, Ed. impr.) ; 69(2): 154-158, ago. 2008. tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-67572

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Se comparó el coste económico del proceso diagnóstico-terapéutico de la neumonía adquirida en la comunidad (NAC) en atención primaria en dos períodos (1999 y 2004-2005). Durante el segundo período se adaptaron las recomendaciones de tres guías de práctica clínica (GPC) sobre el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de la NAC. Pacientes y métodos: Se contabilizaron 57 episodios de NAC en 1999 y 95 en 2004-2005. Se estimó el coste por episodio en cada período. Resultados: Se redujo el coste total del proceso diagnóstico-terapéutico en 2004-2005 respecto a 1999: 46,59 euros frente a 71,66 euros (p < 0,05). Seis niños fueron derivados al hospital en 1999 frente a 13 en 2004-2005, sin que existiesen diferencias significativas. Conclusiones: El cumplimiento de las recomendaciones de las GPC produjo una disminución del coste del proceso diagnóstico-terapéutico de la NAC sin que ello implicara un empeoramiento del porcentaje de resolución de la enfermedad


Introduction: Purpose: to compare the economic cost of the diagnostic and therapeutic process of the community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in primary care in two periods (1999 and 2004-05). During the second period they were adapted to the recommendations of three clinical practice guidelines (CPG) on diagnosis and treatment of the pneumonia. Patients and methods: There were 57 episodes of CAP in 1999 and 95 in 2004-05. The cost per episode in each period is estimated. Results: The total cost of the diagnostic and therapeutic process in dropped in 2004-05 compared to 1999: 46.59 euros compared to 71.66 euros (p < 0.05). Six children were referred to the hospital in 1999 compared to 13 in 2004-05, there were no significant differences. Conclusions: Adherence to the recommendations of the GPC produced a decrease in the cost of the diagnostic and therapeutic process of CAP without involving a decrease in rate of resolution of the disease


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Pneumonia/economics , Pneumonia/epidemiology , Cost Allocation/methods , Costs and Cost Analysis/methods , Primary Health Care/methods , Community-Acquired Infections/complications , Community-Acquired Infections/diagnosis , Primary Health Care/trends
13.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 10(37): 67-80, ene.-mar. 2008. tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-68402

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia acumulada de asma y asma activo en nuestro medio mediante diagnóstico médico y construir un índice predictivo de utilización de los servicios hospitalarios por crisis aguda de asma. Material y métodos: estudio transversal efectuado en un centro de Atención Primaria que atiende a 2.300 niños menores de 15 años. Se determinó la prevalencia acumulada de asma. Los niños que presentaron síntomas en los 12 meses previos se consideraron como asma activo. Mediante análisis de regresión logística se construyó un modelo predictivo de utilización de los servicios hospitalarios. Resultados: fueron diagnosticados de asma 195 niños (8,5%; intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC 95%]: 7,4-9,7%), cifra que corresponde a la prevalencia acumulada. Presentaron asma activo 91 (46,7%; IC 95%: 39,5-53,9%). Consultaron en urgencias del hospital de referencia 48 (24,6%; IC 95%: 18,7-31,3%). Doce (6,2%; IC 95%: 3,2-10,5%) fueron ingresados. En el análisis multivariante, la edad (odds ratio [OR]: 0,85 [IC 95%]: 0,74-0,99), el asma activo (OR: 5,7 [IC 95%]: 1,5-21,6) y el nivel de gravedad (OR: 3,6 (IC 95%: 1,3-10,6) mostraron asociación significativa con la utilización de servicios hospitalarios. Conclusiones: la prevalencia de asma en nuestro medio está situada en un rango intermedio en comparación a otros estudios. El asma activo está fuertemente asociado a un mayor uso de servicios hospitalarios, por lo que es necesario reconsiderar el tratamiento de este subgrupo de pacientes. Es necesario la realización de un gran estudio multicéntrico, emplazado en Atención Primaria, que permita elaborar un modelo predictivo de utilización de los servicios hospitalarios en España


Objective: to asses the cumulative prevalence of asthma and of active asthma in our setting using the clinical diagnosis, and to build a predictive index of utilization of hospital services by acute crisis of asthma. Material and methods: cross sectional study in a Primary Care setting attending 2,300 children less than 15 years of age. Cumulative prevalence of asthma was measured. Children presenting with symptoms in the previous 12 months were considered as having active asthma. A predictive model of utilization of hospital services was build using logistic regression analysis. Results: 195 children were diagnosed of asthma (8.5%; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 7.4-9.7%), figure that corresponds to the cumulative prevalence. Ninety one presented active asthma (46.7%; CI 95%: 39.5-53.9%). Forty eight visited the emergency department of the reference hospital (24.6%; CI 95%: 18.7-31.3%). Twelve (6.2%; CI 95%: 3.2-10.5%) were admitted. In the multivariate analysis, age (odds ratio [OR]: 0.85 [CI 95%]: 0.74-0.99), active asthma (OR: 5.7 [CI 95%]: 1.5-21.6) and level of severity (OR: 3.6 (CI 95%: 1.3-10.6) were significantly associated to utilization of hospital services. Conclusions: the asthma prevalence in our setting is situated in an intermediate range compared to other studies. The active asthma is strongly associated to a higher use of hospital services, so it is necessary to reconsider the treatment in this subgroup of patients. It is necessary to implement a big multicentric study, in Primary Care, in order to build a predictive model of utilization of the hospital services in Sp


Subject(s)
Humans , Asthma/epidemiology , Child Health Services/statistics & numerical data , Emergency Medical Services/statistics & numerical data , Primary Health Care , Cross-Sectional Studies , Predictive Value of Tests , Health Services Accessibility/trends
18.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 9(supl.10): s151-s160, abr. 2007. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-132798

ABSTRACT

La medicina basada en la evidencia nos ofrece herramientas de gran utilidad para poder resolver problemas clínicos mediante el análisis eficiente de la literatura científica. Herramientas metodológicas que, si adquirimos y ejercitamos, nos ayudarán a valorar cualquier evidencia científica y a integrarla con nuestros conocimientos y experiencia clínica para poder decidir sobre su aplicabilidad e idoneidad en un paciente concreto. En esta exposición repasaremos los principios generales de la valoración crítica de la literatura científica. También revisaremos los principales criterios que se deben considerar en la valoración de la validez y aplicabilidad de los estudios de evaluación de intervenciones sanitarias y de pruebas diagnósticas (AU)


The evidence based medicine offers us very useful tools to solve clinical problems by means of the efficient analysis of scientific literature. If we acquire and exercise these methodological tools, we will be able to value any scientific evidence and integrate it with our knowledge and clinical experience, and also we will be able to decide on its applicability and suitability in a concrete patient. In this article we will review the general principles of the critical appraisal of scientific literature. Also we will review the main criteria to consider in the analysis of the validity and applicability of the studies of evaluation of health interventions and diagnostic tests (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Evidence-Based Medicine/trends , Scientific and Technical Publications , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic/methods , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Patient Dropouts/statistics & numerical data , Refusal to Treat/statistics & numerical data , Patient Compliance/statistics & numerical data , Patient Satisfaction/statistics & numerical data , Patient Selection , Patient Medication Knowledge/standards , Evaluation of Results of Therapeutic Interventions
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