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1.
Scand J Gastroenterol ; 39(12): 1215-8, 2004 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15742998

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The study of gastric emptying rate of solids using radiopaque indigestible solid markers has been a poorly employed technique because some kinds of markers do not leave the stomach at the same time as the meal but during the interdigestive migrating motor complex (IMMC). The aim of this study was to evaluate whether markers of particular shape and size can be successfully employed for this purpose. METHODS: Twenty-eight non-ulcer dyspeptic (NUD) patients and 20 healthy volunteers received a standard solid meal (790 Kcal) together with 20 small polyethylene radiopaque cylinders (5 mm x 2 mm in diameter). Gastric emptying rate was evaluated by ultrasound while the emptying of markers was simultaneously followed by X-rays using a brilliance intensifier. RESULTS: Final emptying time (FET = time when the antrum area returns to fasting size) of digestible solids was 355+/-35 min in NUD patients versus 265+/-20 min in controls (P < 0.001). The gastric emptying curve of digestible solids correlated with emptying of markers both in NUD patients (r= +0.96) and in controls (r= +0.93). CONCLUSIONS: The assessment of gastric clearance of radiopaque cylinders of 2 mm x 5 mm in size is a reliable tool for the study of gastric emptying rate of digestible solids. This is a readily available and easily performed test in any radiology unit.


Subject(s)
Contrast Media , Dyspepsia/physiopathology , Gastric Emptying/physiology , Adult , Digestion/physiology , Dyspepsia/diagnostic imaging , Female , Gastrointestinal Transit/physiology , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Particle Size , Polyethylene , Radiography , Reproducibility of Results , Ultrasonography
2.
Am J Obstet Gynecol ; 189(2): 545-51, 2003 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14520232

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Options for human immunodeficiency virus-1-infected women who are already receiving antiretroviral medications when they become pregnant include the continuation or discontinuation of the therapy during the first trimester. These two strategies are compared in terms of plasma human immunodeficiency virus viral load and CD4 cell count. STUDY DESIGN: Seventy women who attended the II Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology were identified. Four different periods for laboratory evaluations were decided: presuspension, suspension, second trimester, and third trimester. RESULTS: Thirty-two women (46%) discontinued antiretroviral therapy; 38 women (54%) did not. Whereas plasma HIV virus viral load and CD4 cell count did not significantly vary during pregnancy in patients who did not interrupt the therapy, these two variables were influenced significantly by the discontinuation of treatment (P<.001 for both). Human immunodeficiency virus viral load increased during the suspension period and regressed promptly to basal levels as soon as the therapy was reintroduced. A transitory decrease in CD4 cell count was also documented, but the recovery tended to be slower. CONCLUSION: The suspension of combination antiretroviral therapy during the first trimester of pregnancy transiently corresponds to an increase in human immunodeficiency virus viral load and a decline of CD4 cell count.


Subject(s)
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/drug therapy , Anti-HIV Agents/administration & dosage , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/drug therapy , RNA, Viral/blood , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/blood , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/virology , Adult , CD4 Lymphocyte Count , Drug Administration Schedule , Drug Therapy, Combination , Female , HIV-1/genetics , Humans , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/blood , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/virology , Pregnancy Trimester, First , Pregnancy Trimester, Second , Pregnancy Trimester, Third , Viral Load
3.
Hum Reprod ; 17(2): 436-41, 2002 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11821291

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: In recent years, combination antiretroviral therapy has substantially improved the prognosis of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) infection. However, at present, information regarding the effects of these regimens during pregnancy is limited. METHODS: Side-effects, vertical transmission rate and neonatal outcome associated with different combination therapies were evaluated retrospectively in a consecutive series of 100 women who attended the II Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology for the management of HIV-1 infection in pregnancy. RESULTS: Antiretroviral treatment was initiated at a median of 16 weeks gestation with a range from pre-pregnancy until 31 weeks gestation. Twentythree women continued their pre-pregnancy therapy during the first trimester of gestation. Protease inhibitors were incorporated in 23 of the final therapeutic regimens. Twentyfive women did not receive zidovudine. Most women (97) delivered by Caesarean section and none breast-fed. Prematurity rate for the entire series was 19%. When women who actively used illicit drugs were excluded, only seven of 69 (10%) women were found to deliver prematurely. The use of protease inhibitors was limited by an elevated frequency of severe gastrointestinal disturbances. The rate of congenital malformations did not appear to differ significantly from that reported in the literature for the general population. Only one of 102 live newborns was found to be HIV-1-infected (1.0%, 95% confidence interval; 0.3-4.6%). CONCLUSIONS: The present findings confirm the remarkable efficacy of combination antiretroviral therapy, Caesarean section and refraining from breast-feeding in lowering the rate of vertical HIV-1 transmission. Moreover, they are suggestive that combination antiretroviral therapy may not be related to major neonatal toxicity. The necessity to discontinue the therapy during the first trimester of pregnancy and to systematically incorporate zidovudine into combination regimens is discussed.


Subject(s)
Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use , HIV Infections/drug therapy , HIV Infections/transmission , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/prevention & control , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/drug therapy , Adult , Bottle Feeding , Cesarean Section , Drug Therapy, Combination , Female , HIV-1 , Humans , Incidence , Obstetric Labor, Premature/epidemiology , Pregnancy , Protease Inhibitors/adverse effects , Protease Inhibitors/therapeutic use
5.
Minerva Gastroenterol Dietol ; 47(3): 103-9, 2001 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16493367

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to clarify the prevalence of gallbladder benign neoplasms, their ultrasonographic appearance and their relationship with gallbladder lithiasis and cancer. METHODS: This study was carried out on 9000 consecutive patients having ultrasound of upper abdomen. Only adenomas and papillomas are considered as true benign neoplasms of the gallbladder. Adenomiomatosis and cholesterol polyps, often erroneously labelled as benign neoplasms, were excluded. Patients were followed-up by ultrasound every three months up to two years. RESULTS: The prevalence of benign neoplasms was 1.19%. Papillomas were found more frequently than adenomas both in males (68.51%) and in females (94.33%). Gallstones were not concomitant with benign neoplasms in any case. Neither stones nor growth of gallbladder benign neoplasms were recorded within the two-year follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: Papillomas were more frequent than adenomas. No gallstone was concurrent with gallbladder benign neoplasms in our series. However, when gallstones are evidenced at ultrasound, further attention is recommended to discover probable concomitant neoplasms. Papillomas and adenomas more than 1 cm in diameter should be quarterly followed-up, while smaller masses could be six-monthly controlled. Surgery should be indicated for large-sized or rapidly growing masses because of the risk for cancer development.

7.
Invest Radiol ; 34(5): 357-9, 1999 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10226848

ABSTRACT

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To assess and compare gastrointestinal (GI) rates in young and aged men under homogeneous conditions of weight and dietetic habits. METHODS: Gastric emptying time was evaluated by ultrasound. GI transit time was studied radiologically using radiopaque markers. RESULTS: Final gastric emptying time in elderly subjects was 335 +/- 31 minutes (mean +/- SD) versus 245 +/- 25 minutes in young subjects (P < 0.001). Total GI transit time showed no significant difference between the two groups. Intestinal transit time includes both small bowel and colonic transit; small bowel and colonic transit was not separated in this study. CONCLUSIONS: Delayed gastric emptying of solid foods could result from progressive autonomic nerve dysfunction occurring with aging. The stomach does not seem to be the segment of the digestive tract that is primarily responsible for the alteration of total GI time.


Subject(s)
Aging/physiology , Digestive System/diagnostic imaging , Gastrointestinal Transit/physiology , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Autonomic Nervous System/physiology , Colon/diagnostic imaging , Colon/physiology , Contrast Media , Digestive System Physiological Phenomena , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Intestine, Small/diagnostic imaging , Intestine, Small/physiology , Male , Middle Aged , Radiography , Stomach/diagnostic imaging , Stomach/physiology , Ultrasonography
8.
Eur J Radiol ; 27(3): 258-63, 1998 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9717643

ABSTRACT

Gastric emptying can be modified by different physiologic conditions such as aging, menstrual cycle and pregnancy. Few studies in the literature have compared the gastric emptying rate of solid meals in normal subjects of varying size. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the gastric emptying rate of solid meals to determine whether body mass index (BMI) and gastric emptying rate correlate. Both ultrasonographic and scintigraphic techniques have been employed. Twenty-four healthy male subjects, divided into two groups, participated in the study. Our results demonstrate a significant correlation between gastric emptying and BMI. We conclude that variability of BMI must be taken in account when measurements of gastric emptying of solid food are performed.


Subject(s)
Body Mass Index , Gastric Emptying , Adult , Eating , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Radionuclide Imaging , Reference Values , Stomach/diagnostic imaging , Ultrasonography
10.
Invest Radiol ; 31(2): 80-3, 1996 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8750442

ABSTRACT

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Gallbladder wall thickness was measured by ultrasound in 16 patients with ascites caused by liver cirrhosis and in 16 noncirrhotic patients with ascites. This study was performed to evaluate if gallbladder wall thickening could differentiate cirrhotic ascites from ascites due to other causes. METHODS: Gallbladder thickness was measured by duplex ultrasound in 16 cirrhotic patients with ascites and in 16 noncirrhotic patients with ascites. Measurements of portal vein flow and serum albumin also were performed. RESULTS: Gallbladder wall thickness was 0.76 +/- 0.21 cm in cirrhotic patients and 0.24 +/- 0.09 in noncirrhotic patients (P < 0.001, Student's t test for unpaired data). Gallbladder wall thickening was significantly more frequent in patients with cirrhotic ascites than in patients with noncirrhotic ascites (P < 0.001, chi-square test). CONCLUSIONS: The authors feel that the ultrasound finding of gallbladder wall thickening in patients with ascites is highly predictive of liver cirrhosis diagnosis.


Subject(s)
Ascites/diagnostic imaging , Gallbladder/diagnostic imaging , Liver Cirrhosis/diagnostic imaging , Aged , Ascites/etiology , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Humans , Liver Cirrhosis/complications , Male , Middle Aged , Portal Vein/diagnostic imaging , Sensitivity and Specificity , Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex
11.
Ital J Gastroenterol ; 27(1): 21-5, 1995.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7795283

ABSTRACT

We evaluated the results of a 12-month treatment using different regimens of omeprazole at the dose of 20 mg daily (three day week-end treatments and every other day) and of 150 mg nocte of ranitidine on Helicobacter pylori status and on preventing duodenal ulcer relapses in 140 Helicobacter pylori positive patients with healed duodenal ulcer. Only every-other-day omeprazole suppresses Helicobacter pylori after 3 month therapy (p < 0.001), after 6 months (p < 0.001) and 12 months (p < 0.05). After 3 months (T1) no significant effectiveness was found in the prevention of ulcer relapses by omeprazole and ranitidine. After 6 months (T2) a significant reduction of relapses (p < 0.05) was recorded when comparing every- other-day omeprazole to the weekend regimen. After 12 months every-other-day omeprazole treatment significantly reduced the relapses compared with the week-end therapy (p = 0.05) and with ranitidine (p < 0.05).


Subject(s)
Duodenal Ulcer/drug therapy , Helicobacter Infections/drug therapy , Helicobacter pylori , Omeprazole/therapeutic use , Ranitidine/therapeutic use , Adult , Aged , Drug Administration Schedule , Duodenal Ulcer/microbiology , Duodenal Ulcer/prevention & control , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Helicobacter Infections/microbiology , Helicobacter pylori/isolation & purification , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Omeprazole/administration & dosage , Ranitidine/administration & dosage , Recurrence
12.
Abdom Imaging ; 19(5): 427-9, 1994.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7950819

ABSTRACT

The aim of our study was to evaluate postprandial emptying of the gallbladder and common bile duct (CBD) in 20 patients with gallstones and in 20 diabetic patients with or without autonomic neuropathy. Gallbladder fasting volume was significantly increased in patients with multiple stones. Diabetics with autonomic neuropathy showed a decreased gallbladder emptying rate. CBD size did not show any significant change in all groups examined.


Subject(s)
Cholelithiasis/physiopathology , Common Bile Duct/diagnostic imaging , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/physiopathology , Gallbladder Emptying , Autonomic Nervous System Diseases/complications , Cholelithiasis/diagnostic imaging , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/complications , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/diagnostic imaging , Female , Gallbladder/diagnostic imaging , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Ultrasonography
13.
Abdom Imaging ; 19(3): 251-2, 1994.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8019355

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to evaluate the size of the common bile duct (CBD) in patients with gallstones, before and after cholecystectomy. Ten female patients (22-61 years) were examined in whom gallstones were shown by ultrasound. The caliber of CBD was measured before cholecystectomy and then 6, 12, 18, and 24 months after cholecystectomy. No significant change of CBD caliber in each interval prior to or following cholecystectomy was observed.


Subject(s)
Cholecystectomy , Common Bile Duct/diagnostic imaging , Adult , Cholelithiasis/surgery , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Middle Aged , Time Factors , Ultrasonography
14.
Ital J Gastroenterol ; 24(4): 188-91, 1992 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1600193

ABSTRACT

Gastric emptying of digestible and indigestible solids has been simultaneously evaluated in healthy humans. Gastric emptying of indigestible solids occurs simultaneously during the emptying of digestible solids. The knowledge of the mechanism responsible for gastric emptying of both digestible and indigestible solids may contribute to improve physiologic insight in this field and to develop further clinical applications.


Subject(s)
Digestion/physiology , Food , Gastric Emptying/physiology , Adult , Contrast Media , Gastrointestinal Contents , Humans , Male , Polyethylenes , Pyloric Antrum/diagnostic imaging , Pyloric Antrum/physiology , Pylorus/diagnostic imaging , Pylorus/physiology , Radiography , Stomach/physiology , Time Factors , Ultrasonography
15.
Ital J Gastroenterol ; 23(4): 208-10, 1991 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1751816

ABSTRACT

The pancreatic duct or at least parts of this structure can be demonstrated today by sonography in 50-82% according to various authors. We have measured the caliber of the sonographically visualized pancreatic duct in 20 normal subjects after physiological stimulation with meal. The mean caliber of the duct markedly increased after meal. During dilatation a longer segment of duct is more clearly visualized. It is possible to document an increase of caliber of Wirsung duct "in vivo" as an evident sign of pancreatic secretion.


Subject(s)
Food , Pancreatic Ducts/diagnostic imaging , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Pancreatic Ducts/anatomy & histology , Pancreatic Ducts/physiology , Time Factors , Ultrasonography
16.
Ital J Gastroenterol ; 23(3): 136-7, 1991.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1742508

ABSTRACT

A probable relationship between Common Bile Duct (CBD) size and sex, age and Body Mass Index (BMI) was investigated in healthy volunteers. Real-time ultrasonography was employed to visualize gallbladder and CBD. No change of CBD size related to sex and BMI was found. A significant increase of CBD related to age was recorded.


Subject(s)
Aging/physiology , Body Mass Index , Common Bile Duct/diagnostic imaging , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Reference Values , Sex Factors , Ultrasonography
17.
Acta Diabetol Lat ; 27(3): 255-9, 1990.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2075788

ABSTRACT

We measured simultaneously gastric emptying of digestible and indigestible solids in 10 normal subjects and in 14 insulin-requiring diabetic patients. Our results demonstrate that in both diabetics and in controls the gastric emptying of digestible and indigestible solids occurs during the same phase of gastric motor activity, i.e. during the post-prandial period. However, gastric emptying of both digestible and indigestible solids is delayed in diabetic patients compared to controls.


Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/physiopathology , Digestion/physiology , Gastric Emptying/physiology , Adult , Female , Humans , Male
18.
Minerva Med ; 80(2): 129-31, 1989 Feb.
Article in Italian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2784551

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this work was to evaluate gastric emptying of a solid meal in 20 patients with functional dyspepsia and in 20 healthy controls. Gastric emptying time (T 1/2 = 188.45 +/- 93.79; p less than 0.001 - E.I. = 0.43 +/- 0.16; p less than 0.001) was significantly delayed in patients with functional dyspepsia compared with controls. The conclusion is drawn that either antral motor activity or antral-pyloric-duodenal motor activity is impaired in such patients.


Subject(s)
Dyspepsia/physiopathology , Gastric Emptying , Adult , Dyspepsia/diagnostic imaging , Female , Gastrointestinal Motility , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Stomach/diagnostic imaging , Technetium Tc 99m Sulfur Colloid , Time Factors , Tomography, Emission-Computed
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