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1.
Nutr. hosp ; 32(4): 1796-1801, oct. 2015. tab, graf
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-143684

ABSTRACT

Introduction: since food service in hospitals complements medical treatment, it should be produced in proper hygienic and sanitary conditions. It is a well-known fact that food-transmitted illnesses affect with greater severity hospitalized and immunosuppressed patients. Aims: good practices in hospital food service are evaluated by comparing assessment instruments. Methods: good practices were evaluated by a verification list following Resolution of Collegiate Directory n. 216 of the Brazilian Agency for Sanitary Vigilance. Interpretation of listed items followed parameters of RCD 216 and the Brazilian Association of Collective Meals Enterprises (BACME). Fisher´s exact test was applied to detect whether there were statistically significant differences. Analysis of data grouping was undertaken with Unweighted Pair-group using Arithmetic Averages, coupled to a correlation study between dissimilarity matrixes to verify disagreement between the two methods. Results and discussion: Good Practice was classified with mean total rates above 75% by the two methods. There were statistically significant differences between services and food evaluated by BACME instrument. Hospital Food Services have proved to show conditions of acceptable good practices. Conclusion: the comparison of interpretation tools based on RCD n. 216 and BACME provided similar results for the two classifications (AU)


Introducción: por ser un adyuvante al tratamiento médico, la alimentación hospitalaria debe ser producida en adecuadas condiciones higiénicas y sanitarias, considerando qué enfermedades transmitidas por los alimentos afectan con mayor severidad a pacientes hospitalizados e inmunodeprimidos. Objetivos: evaluar la adopción de buenas prácticas en los servicios de alimentación hospitalarios, comparando instrumentos de evaluación. Métodos: la evaluación de las buenas prácticas fue realizada utilizando una lista de verificación conforme la Resolución de Directora Colegiada - RDC n.º 216 de la Agencia Nacional de Vigilancia Sanitaria. Para la interpretación de los ítems listados fueron utilizados los pará- metros de la RDC n.º 216 y de la Asociación Brasileña de Empresas de Comidas Colectivas (ABERC). Se aplicó el test exacto de Ficher para analizar si existían diferencias estadísticamente significativas y también fue realizado un análisis de agrupamiento de los datos per el método Unweighted Pair-group using Arithmetic Averages y un estudio de la correlación entre las matrices de disimilitud, objetivando verificar la concordancia entre los dos métodos de diagnóstico. Resultados y discusión: las buenas prácticas fueron clasificadas con valores medios totales superiores al 75% de adecuación, en los dos instrumentos utilizados. Se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los servicios y la alimentación evaluados por el instrumento de la ABERC. Los servicios de alimentación hospitalarios, de modo general, presentaron condiciones de buenas prácticas aceptables. Conclusión: la comparación de los instrumentos de interpretación basados en la RDC n.º 216 y ABERC mostró resultados semejantes en ambas clasificaciones (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Food Service, Hospital/organization & administration , Good Manipulation Practices , Quality Control , Food Quality Standards , Quality Indicators, Health Care
2.
Genet Test Mol Biomarkers ; 19(5): 253-7, 2015 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25831089

ABSTRACT

The alpha-actinin-3 r577x polymorphism (rs1815739) is one of the most important polymorphisms associated with athletic performance. This single-nucleotide mutation leads to a premature stop codon, resulting in a nonfunctional protein product. The presence of the dominant R allele is associated with full power skeletal muscle contraction. Homozygosity for the X allele is correlated with more efficient energy disposure. Restriction fragment length polymorphism and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) are the standard methods used to genotype this polymorphism, but they are expensive and require special equipments. Here, we present a simple and cost-efficient method to genotype the ACTN3 r577x polymorphism by a single PCR. External primers yield a 690-bp product that indicates the template quality. Internal primers produce a 413-bp product if the R allele is present and a 318-bp product if the X allele is present. Our four-primer genotyping PCR was validated by the standard real-time PCR, generally used to genotype this single-nucleotide polymorphism, demonstrating the accuracy of this method. This protocol is perfect for small- or large-scale cohort genotyping of the ACTN3 r577x polymorphism.


Subject(s)
Actinin/genetics , Genotyping Techniques/methods , Actins/genetics , Athletic Performance/physiology , Base Sequence , DNA Primers , Humans , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
3.
Rev. nutr ; 21(3): 323-328, maio-jun. 2008. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-487553

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Este estudo objetivou quantificar o teor de ácido cianídrico em folhas de mandioca, que receberam tratamento prévio antes da secagem, e a concentração de ácido fítico na multimistura submetida à cocção úmida. MÉTODOS: Utilizou-se a multimistura produzida pela Pastoral da Criança da cidade de Pelotas (RS), constituída por: farelos de trigo (30 por cento) e arroz (30 por cento): farinhas de milho (15 por cento) e trigo (10 por cento); pós de casca de ovo (5 por cento), de folha de mandioca (5 por cento) e de sementes (5 por cento, abóbora ou girassol). Foi realizada orientação ao fornecedor da folha de mandioca sobre a forma recomendada de preparo antes da secagem. RESULTADOS: O conteúdo de ácidos cianídrico e fitatos no suplemento alimentar foram respectivamente de 85mg.kg-1 e 35.90mg.100-1. CONCLUSÃO: Verificou-se que a mudança na forma de secagem das folhas de mandioca foi eficiente para a redução de glicosídeos cianogênicos, e que o processo de torrefação dos ingredientes foi suficiente para produzir a redução de ácido fítico da multimistura aos níveis preconizados pela legislação, não sendo observadas diferenças estatisticamente significantes quando comparadas as amostras que também foram tratadas com calor úmido.


OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to quantify the amount of hydrogen cyanide in cassava leaves that were treated before drying and the concentration of phytic acid in a multimixture submitted to wet cooking. METHODS: The multimixture produced by the Pastoral da Criança of the city of Pelotas (RS) consisting of wheat flour (30 percent), rice flour (30 percent), corn flour (15 percent), wheat (10 percent), egg shell powder (5 percent), cassava leaves (5 percent) and pumpkin or sunflower seeds (5 percent) was used. The supplier was advised on how to process the cassava leaves before drying them. RESULTS: The hydrogen cyanide and phytic acid contents of the feeding supplement are 85mg.kg-1 and 35.90mg.100-1 respectively. CONCLUSION: Changing the way the cassava leaves were dried was efficient to reduce the amount of cyanogenic glucosides. The cooking process of the ingredients was enough to reduce the phytic acid content in the multimixture to the levels recommended by the legislation. Significant statistical differences were not observed between these samples and those treated with moist heat.


Subject(s)
Hydrogen Cyanide/analysis , Dietary Supplements/analysis , Phytic Acid/analysis
4.
Mundo saúde (Impr.) ; 39(4): [495-503], s.d. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-972956

ABSTRACT

O estudo avaliou o impacto de uma intervenção em educação nutricional sobre o conhecimento e atitudes de pré‑esco‑lares visando o estímulo de hábitos alimentares saudáveis e prevenção da anemia. Houve avaliação comparativa pré epós‑atividade educativa, com crianças entre 2 e 6 anos de idade, durante 12 meses. A metodologia de ensino foi baseadana aprendizagem por modelação, com personagens representando a anemia e os super-heróis ferro, vitamina C e a saúde.Foram utilizados reforçadores positivos visando sedimentação do aprendizado. Para mensurar a incorporação dos conhe‑cimentos e aceitação das preparações com alimentos fontes de ferro e vitamina C, utilizou-se cartilha educativa e análiseda satisfação quanto aos cardápios propostos. A maioria (62,74%) respondeu adequadamente sobre como combater aanemia, citando abordagens educativas utilizadas durante a intervenção. A baixa aceitação inicial das refeições caiusignificativamente (p < 0,05). O desenho em estilo livre sobre os alimentos incentivados quintuplicou após a intervenção(14,7% para 76%). Concluiu-se que a utilização de uma metodologia lúdica associando super-heróis e reforçadores posi‑tivos apresenta impacto considerável na assimilação do conhecimento sobre alimentação saudável e seu efeito na saúdeem crianças pré-escolares. Concluiu-se que a utilização de uma metodologia lúdica associando super-heróis e reforçadorespositivos apresenta impacto considerável na assimilação do conhecimento sobre alimentação saudável e seu efeito nasaúde em crianças pré-escolares.


This study measured the impact of the nutritional education’s intervention on the preschool children’s knowledge and ac‑tions, aiming both for a promotion of a healthy eating habits and for a prevention of iron deficiency anemia. There was acomparative evaluation before and after educational activities during 12 months in a kindergarten in the city of Fortaleza,CE. The education’s methodology was grounded on learning through modeling, with characters representing anemia andsuperheroes representing iron, vitamin C and health. Positive reinforcements aiming learning sedimentation were used. Tomeasure the rate of the knowledge absorption and the acceptance of the recipes it was used tools such as an educationalbooklet along with sensory analysis of the new menu’s acceptance. The majority (62,74%) answered clearly about how toprevent anemia, referring about the approaches used during the intervention. The meals’ rejection significantly dropped(p < 0,05). The freestyle drawing about the encouraged food quintupled after the intervention (14,7% to 76%).It wasconcluded that the use of characters from children’s imagination and the positive reinforcements improved their learning,encouraging healthier eating habits.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child, Preschool , Food and Nutrition Education , Child, Preschool , Feeding Behavior , Feeding Behavior
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