ABSTRACT
Obesity is currently one of the most alarming pathological conditions due to the progressive increase in its prevalence. In the last decade, it has been associated with fine particulate matter suspended in the air (PM2.5). The purpose of this study was to explore the mechanistic interaction of PM2.5 with a high-fat diet (HFD) through the differential regulation of transcriptional signatures, aiming to identify the association of these particles with metabolically abnormal obesity. The research design was observational, using bioinformatic methods and an explanatory approach based on Rothman's causal model. We propose three new transcriptional signatures in murine adipose tissue. The sum of transcriptional differences between the group exposed to an HFD and PM2.5, compared to the control group, were 0.851, 0.265, and -0.047 (p > 0.05). The HFD group increased body mass by 20% with two positive biomarkers of metabolic impact. The group exposed to PM2.5 maintained a similar weight to the control group but exhibited three positive biomarkers. Enriched biological pathways (p < 0.05) included PPAR signaling, small molecule transport, adipogenesis genes, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, and HIF-1 signaling. Transcriptional regulation predictions revealed CpG islands and common transcription factors. We propose three new transcriptional signatures: FAT-PM2.5-CEJUS, FAT-PM2.5-UP, and FAT-PM2.5-DN, whose transcriptional regulation profile in adipocytes was statistically similar by dietary intake and HFD and exposure to PM2.5 in mice; suggesting a mechanistic interaction between both factors. However, HFD-exposed murines developed moderate metabolically abnormal obesity, and PM2.5-exposed murines developed severe abnormal metabolism without obesity. Therefore, in Rothman's terms, it is concluded that HFD is a sufficient cause of the development of obesity, and PM2.5 is a component cause of severe abnormal metabolism of obesity. These signatures would be integrated into a systemic biological process that would induce transcriptional regulation in trans, activating obesogenic biological pathways, restricting lipid mobilization pathways, decreasing adaptive thermogenesis and angiogenesis, and altering vascular tone thus inducing a severe metabolically abnormal obesity.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Obesity is a chronic disease resulting from environmental, psychological and genetic factors. The objective was to carry out a bibliometry of the scientific literature on this pathology related to environmental pollutants, food and epigenetics, to elucidate lines of research. Materials and method: The documents were managed from the Web of Science database. The search strategy was Obesity AND (pollution OR contamination) in the Titles field, AND (epigenetic * OR obesity OR food OR nutrition OR diet) in Themes. 654 articles were found: 577 original investigations and 77 reviews. The articles were exported in BibTeX format to be analyzed with the Bibliometrix program. Results: The evolution of the production of reports per year has been upward. In 2020, the average number of references of the original articles was 38 and of the review articles, 200. Based on the Lotka index combined with the h index, the most prominent author was Joel Schwartz. The United States concentrated the largest production of scientific articles, which coincides with the location of the institutions with the highest affiliation of the authors. The 5 most frequent keywords were: air pollution, particulate matter, obesity, pollution and epigenetics. Conclusions: A line of research on obesity linked to DNA methylation, oxidative stress and PM2.5 is proposed; which will contribute to reducing this pandemic and, therefore, will impact the morbidity and mortality profiles of non-communicable diseases and COVID-19.
Introducción: La obesidad es una enfermedad crónica resultante de factores ambientales, psicológicos y genéticos. El objetivo fue realizar una bibliometría de la literatura científica sobre esta patología relacionada con contaminantes ambientales, alimentación y epigenética, para dilucidar líneas de investigación. Materiales y método: Los documentos se gestionaron de la base de datos Web of Science. La estrategia de búsqueda fue Obesity AND (pollution OR contamination) en el campo Titles, AND (epigenetic* OR obesity OR alimentation OR nutrition OR diet) en Themes. Se encontraron 654 artículos: 577 investigaciones originales y 77 revisiones. Los artículos se exportaron en formato BibTeX para ser analizados con el programa Bibliometrix. Resultados: La evolución que ha tenido la producción de infrmes por año ha sido ascendente. En 2020, el promedio del número de referencias de los artículos originales fue de 38 y de los artículos de revisión, 200. Con base en el índice de Lotka aunado con el índice h, el autor más destacado fue Schwartz. Estados Unidos concentró la mayor producción de artículos científicos, lo que coincide con la ubicación de las instituciones con más adscripción de los autores. Las cinco palabras clave más frecuentes fueron: contaminación del aire, material particulado, obesidad, contaminación y epigenética. Conclusiones: Se propone una línea de investigación sobre la obesidad vinculada con la metilación del ADN, estrés oxidativo y material particulado fino; lo que contribuirá a reducir esta pandemia y por lo tanto, impactará en los perfiles de morbimortalidad de las enfermedades no transmisibles y de la COVID-19.
Subject(s)
Obesity , Bibliometrics , Diet , Environment , Environmental Pollution , EpigenomicsABSTRACT
Kuhn in 1962 establishes the revolutionary character of science: "new scientific theories are not born by verification or falsification, but by substitution." The objective of this review was to analyze the ideas and paradigms through which studies on obesity and its relationship with environmental pollutants, diet and epigenetics have passed, in order to illustrate the current situation of this object of study. Articles were managed in December 2020 from the Web of Science. The strategy was Obesity AND (pollution OR contamination) in the Title field, AND (epigenetic* OR obesity OR food OR nutrition OR diet) in the Themes field. 654 articles were obtained: 577 original investigations and 77 reviews. The documents were exported in BibTeXformat to be quantitatively analyzed with the Bibliometrix program. For the qualitative analysis, review articles were selected in whose titles, keywords and/or abstract, carried the word paradigm*, identifying 19 who underwent content analysis. From 1980 to 2020, four periods were recognized, the first and third are classified as normal science; the second and the fourth, crisis of knowledge or revolution. The evolution of the studies has been differentiated. First, the central theme was environmental pollution and secondarily, obesity. For the second and third period, the epigenetics related to environmental pollution and that associated with obesity are investigated separately and at present, causal relationships between environmental pollutants and obesity, nutrients and epigenetics are hypothesized.
Kuhn en 1962 establece el carácter revolucionario de la ciencia: "las nuevas teorías científicas no nacen por verificación ni por falsación, sino por sustitución". El objetivo de esta revisión fue analizar las ideas y los paradigmas por los que han transitado los estudios sobre obesidad, y su relación con contaminantes ambientales, alimentación y epigenética, con el propósito de ilustrar la situación actual de este objeto de estudio. Se gestionaron artículos en diciembre de 2020 de la Web of Science. La estrategia fue Obesity AND (pollution OR contamination) en el campo Title, AND (epigenetic* OR obesity OR alimentation OR nutrition OR diet) en el campo Themes. Se obtuvieron 654 artículos: 577 investigaciones originales y 77 revisiones. Los documentos se exportaron en formato BibTeX para ser analizados cuantitativamente con el programa Bibliometrix. Para el análisis cualitativo se seleccionaron artículos de revisión en cuyos títulos, palabras clave o resumen llevaran la palabra paradigm*, con lo que se identificaron 19, a los que se les realizó análisis de contenido. De 1980 a 2020 se reconocieron cuatro períodos; el primero y el tercero se clasifican como ciencia normal; el segundo y el cuarto, como crisis de conocimiento o revolución. La evolución de los estudios ha sido diferenciada. Primero, la temática central fue la contaminación ambiental y, de manera secundaria, la obesidad. Para el segundo y el tercer período se investigan por separado la epigenética relacionada con la contaminación ambiental y la asociada con la obesidad, y en la actualidad, se plantean hipótesis de relaciones causales entre contaminantes ambientales y obesidad, nutrientes y epigenética.
Subject(s)
Environmental Pollution , Obesity , World Health Organization , Diet , Environmental Pollutants , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Nutritional Sciences , EpigenomicsABSTRACT
Shorebirds (part of the order Charadriiformes) have a global distribution and exhibit remarkable variation in ecological and behavioural traits that are pertinent to many core questions in the fields of evolutionary ecology and conservation biology. Shorebirds are also relatively convenient to study in the wild as they are ground nesting and often occupy open habitats that are tractable to monitor. Here we present a database documenting the reproductive ecology of 1,647 individually marked snowy plovers (Charadrius nivosus) monitored between 2006 and 2016 at Bahía de Ceuta (23°54N, 106°57W) - an important breeding site in north-western Mexico. The database encompasses various morphological, behavioural, and fitness-related traits of males and females along with spatial and temporal population dynamics. This open resource will serve as an important data repository for addressing overarching questions in avian ecology and wetland conservation during an era of big data and global collaborative science.
Subject(s)
Breeding , Charadriiformes/physiology , Reproduction , Animals , Female , Male , Mexico , Population Dynamics , WetlandsABSTRACT
The adverse effect of pesticides on non-target wildlife and human health is a primary concern in the world, but in Mexico, we do not know which wildlife species are at the greatest risk. The aim of this study was to determine organochlorine pesticides in mice of two agricultural fields in Sinaloa, Culiacan and Guasave. Procedures of extraction, analysis, and quantification were followed according to the modified EPA 8081b method. In three mouse tissues (gonad, brain, and blood), γBHC and decachlorobiphenyl with a frequency higher than 50% and endosulfan sulfate with 43% were observed. The wildlife fauna living in agricultural areas are at great risk due to: (1) diversity of the chemicals used for pest control, like mice, and (2) variety of organochlorine pesticides in direct or indirect contact with non-target organisms, affecting the health of animals and humans (toxic effects and accumulation).
