Knowledge and Perceptions of Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation among General Dental Practitioners, Paediatric Dentists, and Other Dental Specialists in Indonesia.

Molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) is a qualitative, dental enamel hypomineralisation defect affecting one to four first permanent molars, characterised by the present of asymmetries demarcated opacities, and is prevalent worldwide. An early diagnosis of MIH is crucial, to prevent further complications including the development of dental caries, hypersensitivity, pulp inflammation, and pain. Therefore, a thorough understanding of MIH is of clinical importance. This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and perception of MIH among general dental practitioners (GD), paediatric dentists (PD), and other dental specialists (DS) in Indonesia using a self-administered questionnaire. Chi-square tests and Kruskal−Wallis tests were employed to analyse the data. A total of 266 dental practitioners­112 GD, 84 PD, and 60 DS­were included in this study and completed the online questionnaire. There were significant differences in the overall knowledge scores between GD, PD, and DS (p < 0.001). Specifically, the different between the tested groups were observed in the knowledge of caries pattern related to MIH and the aetiology of MIH. The majority of PD (83.3%) can differentiate the MIH-related caries pattern from the classic caries pattern. Moreover, the confident level in diagnosing and treating MIH teeth were higher in PD compared to GD and DS (p = 0.000). The majority of dental practitioners in all groups agreed on the necessity to obtain continuing education on MIH including the aetiology, diagnosis, and its treatment to improve their knowledge and confidence in MIH clinical management.

Effect of First Aid Management of Dental Avulsion Posters on Primary School Teachers Knowledge

Abstract Objective: To investigate the effect of deploying a "First Aid Management of Dental Avulsion" poster in a primary school setting to improve teachers' knowledge. Material and Methods: The present study was conducted at public primary schools in central Jakarta, with 54 teachers meeting the inclusion criteria. The questionnaire contained 13 questions, divided into two sections. The first section consisted of questions about sex, age, education, length of service, field of education, and whether the teacher had received first aid management education before. The second section consisted of 7 questions about the teacher's knowledge regarding dental avulsion and its management. Baseline knowledge was defined by using a questionnaire and then teachers were shown the educational poster covering the first aid management of dental avulsion. Next, the teachers answered a post-education questionnaire, which included the same questions as the first questionnaire. A paired t-test or Wilcoxon's signed-rank test was used based on the distribution of data to determine the significance of the differences between before and after education. Results: The median score before reading the poster was 5, while the median score after reading it was 10. The difference was statistically significant. Conclusion: "First Aid Management of Dental Avulsion" poster could improve the knowledge of primary school teachers in Jakarta.

Animated video for increasing primary school teachers' knowledge regarding first aid management of dental avulsion / Vídeo animado para aumentar o conhecimento dos professores do ensino primário em relação ao tratamento de primeiros socorros em casos de avulsão dentária

Introduction: Dental avulsion is a condition in which the tooth is completely dislodged from its socket. Inappropriate management when trauma occurs can complicate the prognosis of the tooth. The majority of injuries to children's teeth occur in the school environment and teachers play an essential role in providing first aid at the accident site. However, the school teacher's knowledge regarding first aid dental avulsion is inadequate. Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of an animated video (First Aid Management of Dental Avulsion) on the knowledge of primary school teachers. Material and Methods: This clinical experimental study comprised 54 teachers from 13 public elementary schools in Central Jakarta who were chosen randomly to fill out a questionnaire before and after watching the animated video. Results: Data analysis using the Wilcoxon comparative test showed that there was a statistically significant increase (P<.05) in knowledge after watching the animated video. Conclusion: Thus, the animated video was effective in increasing the knowledge regarding first aid management of dental avulsion among the primary school teachers (AU)

Introdução: a avulsão dentária é uma condição na qual o dente está completamente desalojado de seu alvéolo. O manejo inadequado quando ocorre um trauma pode complicar o prognóstico do dente. A maioria das lesões nos dentes das crianças ocorre no ambiente escolar onde os professores desempenham um papel essencial no fornecimento de primeiros socorros no local do acidente. No entanto, o conhecimento do professor em relação aos primeiros socorros diante de uma avulsão dentária é inadequado. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o efeito de um vídeo animado (First Aid Management of Dental Avulsion) sobre o conhecimento de professores do ensino primário. Material e Métodos: Este estudo clínico experimental envolveu 54 professores de 13 escolas primárias públicas no centro de Jakarta, que foram escolhidos aleatoriamente para preencher um questionário antes e depois de assistir ao vídeo animado. Resultados: A análise dos dados por meio do teste comparativo de Wilcoxon mostrou que houve um aumento estatisticamente significativo (P <0,05) no conhecimento após assistir ao vídeo animado. Conclusão: Portanto, o vídeo animado foi eficaz em aumentar o conhecimento sobre o manejo de primeiros socorros da avulsão dentária entre os professores do ensino primário (AU)

Evaluation of Oral Hygiene in Children with Down Syndrome Using the Busy Book Ayo Sikat Gigi as an Educational Toy

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the oral hygiene status of children with Down syndrome using the busy book Ayo Sikat Gigi as an educational toy. Material and Methods: We ran an experimental study involving 25 educable and trainable children with Down syndrome, comprising 17 males and 8 females aged 7-12 years, who were free from other disabilities and did not use orthodontic or prosthodontic appliances. Parents were instructed to educate their children using the busy book Ayo Sikat Gigi and also to guide their children in brushing their teeth effectively at home. We evaluated the OHI-S score over two visits, one before and the other after education using the busy book Ayo Sikat Gigi over a 7 day period. The Wilcoxon test with the p-value set at 0.05 was used Results: It was noted a statistically significant decrease in the OHI-S scores of children with Down syndrome (p<0.05), reflecting an improvement in their dental health, after education using the busy book Ayo Sikat Gigi (median scores before and after education: 2.30 and 1.84, respectively) Conclusion: The busy book Ayo Sikat Gigi is a highly effective educational toy for children with Down syndrome, and in our study, it was demonstrated to decrease their OHI-S scores after education for 7 days.

Correlation Between Palatal Depth and Duration of Upper Airway Obstruction Since Diagnosis in Children

Abstract Objective: To analyze the correlation between palatal depth and duration of the upper airway obstruction since diagnosis among children with habitual mouth breathing. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted using the consecutive sampling method on boys and girls who were habitual mouth breathers and presented with allergic rhinitis, adenoid hypertrophy, obstructive sleep apnea, rhinosinusitis, and nasal polyp. Information about the duration of upper airway obstruction was obtained from the medical records of the patients. The patients divided into two groups: those diagnosed with upper airway obstruction for < 4 years, and those diagnosed with upper airway obstruction for > 4 years. Hard palate measurements were obtained from upper arch study models using a caliper with a precision of ± 0,1 mm Results: A strong positive correlation was noted between the duration of the upper airway obstruction since diagnosis and palatal depth in children (r=0.623; p<0.05). Furthermore, the depth of the palates was found to be greater than 40 mm when the duration of upper airway obstruction since diagnosis was more than four years Conclusion: The finding of this study indicates that upper airway obstruction can result in high palates in children with habitual mouth breathing.

Validated Questionnaire of Maternal Attitude and Knowledge for Predicting Caries Risk in Children: Epidemiological Study in North Jakarta, Indonesia.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: Predicting caries risk in children can be done by identifying caries risk factors. It is an important measure which contributes to best understanding of the cariogenic profile of the patient. Identification could be done by clinical examination and answering the questionnaire. We arrange the study to verify the questionnaire validation for predicting caries risk in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted on 62 pairs of mothers and their children, aged between 3 and 5 years. The questionnaire consists of 10 questions concerning mothers' attitude and knowledge about oral health. The reliability and validity test is based on Cronbach's alpha and correlation coefficient value. RESULTS: All question are reliable (Cronbach's alpha = 0.873) and valid (Corrected item-total item correlation >0.4). CONCLUSIONS: Five questionnaires of mother's attitude about oral health and five questionnaires of mother's knowledge about oral health are reliable and valid for predicting caries risk in children.