ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: (a) To report the xerostomia prevalence and severity in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). (b) To assess the saliva pH in patients with OSA. DESIGN: Simultaneous cohort observational clinical study. SETTING: In Sleep Medicine Centre at Lomonosov Moscow State University from March to June 2019. PARTICIPANTS: The study was conducted on 30 patients with OSA aged from 35 to 65 years. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES: The diagnosis of sleep apnoea was made after standard polysomnography using the Domino programme. The severity of OSA was indicated using the Apnoea-Hypopnea Index. Xerostomia was evaluated using Fox's test. Hyposalivation was evaluated by measurement of salivary flow rate. Determination of the saliva pH was carried out with a pH metre. Statistical analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey-Kramer multi-comparison test. RESULTS: Twenty-two out of 30 (73.3%) patients were diagnosed with "dry mouth". Hyposalivation was observed in 6 out of 30 (20%). Dry mouth on awakening was observed in 60.0%, 72.7% and 88.9% of patients with mild, moderate and severe OSA, respectively. The average salivary flow rate was 0.28 mL/min, 0.24 mL/min and 0.14 mL/min, respectively. The average pH value in patients with mild, moderate and severe apnoea was 6.40 ± 0.017, 6.15 ± 0.27 and 5.87 ± 0.24, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In patient with mild and moderate OSA, the saliva amount and rate are similar (P > .05). With the increase of OSA severity, both these parameters change (P < .001). The acidity of the saliva was correlated with the level of OSA, and it statistically increased with the increment of the OSA severity (P < .05-P < .001).
Subject(s)
Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/complications , Xerostomia/etiology , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Male , Middle Aged , Polysomnography , Saliva/chemistry , Salivation , Severity of Illness IndexABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to compare the translucency levels of various composite materials that are positioned by their manufacturers as 'dentin,' 'opaque,' 'body,' and 'enamel' in relation to natural tooth tissues. METHODS: Sixteen commercial composite materials and 10 natural tooth tissue samples (enamel and dentin) were studied. The differences in color of dried and hydrated samples were measured on a black-and-white background using CIELab coordinates. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to compare the translucency parameter (TP) values of the different materials (P < 0.05), and t test was used to compare the TP values for the dried and hydrated samples, with the significance set at P < 0.001. RESULTS: The TP values of opaque shades for the studied composite materials ranged from 1.5 to 3.9, and those of enamel shades from 3.9 to 10.9. According to the obtained results, a body shade sample had a high level of translucency, comparable with some enamel shades of the materials studied (TP = 4.489 ± 0.505 after polymerization, and 3.916 ± 0.566 after 48 h of water storage). The translucency levels of dry composite samples and samples after hydration were not significantly different, while significant changes were observed for dentin and enamel (P < 0.05). SIGNIFICANCE: Choosing a composite material that is suitable for different clinical situations is a major challenge in everyday dental practice. Information about the relative translucency of various composites on the market and their compliance with natural tissues can help dentists to choose optimal restorative materials.
Subject(s)
Composite Resins , Dental Materials , Color , Dental Enamel , Dentin , Materials TestingABSTRACT
To investigate the prevalence of oral diseases and to assess the simplified oral hygiene (OHI-S) index, the decayed-missing-filled teeth (DMFT) index and the community periodontal index (CPI)among inmates incarcerated in the Russian Federation. The sample consisted of 175 male and 130 female inmates serving sentences at corrective colonies in the region of Kirov, Russia. Information about level of education, time of incarceration and general health status were collected via personal interviews. Additionally, the inmates underwent extra- and intraoral exams in the search for clinically detectable lesions and oral diseases. A quantitative analysis of the oral health was established through the assessment of OHI-S, DMFT and CPI indices. These indices were statistically tested for their association with inmates' time of incarceration and level of education. Complete dentition, partial tooth loss and edentulism were observed in 10.5%, 81.9% and 7.5% of the sample. Dental caries (92.4%), periodontal diseases (55.7% periodontitis and 33.1% gingivitis), diseases of pulp and periapical tissue (87.9%) were the most prevalent findings. The most prevalent disease in the oral mucosa was the cheilitis (64.9%) followed by glossitis (21.9%) and palatal nicotinic leukokeratosis (28.8%). OHI-S and DMFT indices showed strong positive association with time of incarceration and level of education. Higher index scores were observed in inmates in prison for a longer time and with a lower level of education (p=0.001). These outcomes highlight the need for promoting oral health care policies to inmates incarcerated in prisons of the Russian Federation.
Investigar a prevalência de doenças bucais e os índices de higiene oral simplificado (IHO-S), dentes cariados-perdidos-restaurados (CPO-D) e índice periodontal comunitário (CPI) em detentos daFederação Russa. A amostra consistiu de 175 homens e 130 mulheres encarceradas em colônias corretivas na região de Kirov, na Federação Russa. Informações relacionadas ao nível educacional, tempo de encarceramento e condição de saúde geral foram coletadas por meio de entrevistas. Adicionalmente, exames extra e intrabucais foram realizados com a finalidade de detectar possíveis doenças e lesões em dentes e tecidos moles. Análise quantitativa da saúde bucal foi conduzida por meio da investigação dos índices IHO-S, CPO-D e CPI. Estes índices foram testados estatisticamente em face de sua associação com o nível educacional e tempo de encarceramento dos detentos. Dentição completa, parcial e edentulismo foram observadas em 10.5%, 81.9% e 7.5% da amostra. Cárie (92.4%), doença periodontal (55.7% periodontite e 33.1% gengivite) e doenças pulpares (87.9%) foram as mais prevalentes. Queilite (64.9%), glossite (21.9%) e estomatite nicotínica no palato (28.8%) foram as lesões mais prevalentes em mucosa. Forte Associação positiva foi verificada entre os índices IHO-S e CPO-D e o nível educacional e tempo de encarceramento dos detentos. Quanto menor o nível educacional e maior o tempo de encarceramento, maiores foram os referidos índices (p=0.001). Conclusão:Estes resultados apontam para a necessidade de promoção de políticas direcionadas ao cuidado bucal em detentos encarcerados na Federação Russa.
