ABSTRACT
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and coronary heart disease frequently occur in combination. Systemic inflammation concomitant with protracted COPD is the pathogenetic mechanism of CHD. High concentration of the markers of systemic inflammation is associated with deterioration of atherosclerosis, its complications, and CHD progression.
Subject(s)
Coronary Artery Disease/blood , Cytokines/blood , Inflammation Mediators/blood , Inflammation/blood , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/blood , Biomarkers/blood , Coronary Artery Disease/complications , Humans , Inflammation/complications , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/complicationsABSTRACT
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a cause of appreciable social and economic losses. Airway inflammation is the main factor at the early stages of COPD pathogenesis and persists for many years after cessation of the action of provoking factors. In the last years, researchers have shown much interest in biomarkers associated with various diseases including COPD. Biomarkers of COPD are related to pathophysiology ofthe disease and inflammatory processes in the lungs. This review is designed to summarize the currently available data on systemic COPD biomarkers, their use for the assessment of activity of the disease and the possible role in the formation of COPD phenotype. Most systemic biomarkers are not specific for COPD. Moreove, evaluation of their significance encounters difficulties due to the presence of concomitant pathologies, in the first place cardiovascular diseases. Nevertheless, studies involving a large number of patients with COPD provided information about the role of biomarkers in the activity of COPD and formation of its phenotype with systemic inflammation. The introduction ofbiomarkers in protocols ofexamination ofCOPD patients needs further substantiation.
Subject(s)
Biomarkers , Inflammation/diagnosis , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/diagnosis , HumansSubject(s)
Affective Symptoms , Adult , Affective Symptoms/diagnosis , Affective Symptoms/epidemiology , Affective Symptoms/psychology , Culture , Female , Humans , Language , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
Relationships between the quality of life (QL), psychological status and severity of cardiovascular impairment were studied in 96 males after anterior large-focal myocardial infarction. A positive moderately strong correlation was found between GL and left ventricular ejection fraction. Alexitimia affects the response of the patients to basic limitations diminishing QL. Alexitimia patients have harmful behavioral habits (smoking, alcohol abuse) two times more frequently than patients free of alexitimia. Adequate methods of alexitimia psychotherapeutic correction should be introduced.
Subject(s)
Myocardial Infarction/psychology , Quality of Life , Adult , Affective Symptoms/etiology , Aged , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , SmokingABSTRACT
Psychological status was assessed in 120 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) according to MMPI, Toronto alexithymic scale. Alexithymia was diagnosed in 49.1% of the examinees. They were characterized by difficulties in definition of their feelings, absence of dreams and fantasies, introversion, inclination to depressive response to stress, hypochondria eventuating in senesthopathy. The above psychological and pathopsychological traits in CHD patients require psychotherapeutic and chemotherapeutic correction in order to enhance efficacy of the treatment.
