ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: We describe 6 cases of a previously unreported variation of bilateral Brown's syndrome that presented in congenital form in one eye and developed later in the fellow eye with no underlying cause. METHODS: We reviewed the clinical records of 6 patients from 6 separate practices to determine whether there were any common clinical features on presentation or in their clinical courses. RESULTS: All 6 patients were diagnosed with unilateral congenital Brown's syndrome at the first ophthalmologic assessment but showed no evidence of the syndrome in the fellow eye. In 5 cases the contralateral syndrome developed in the second eye after surgery was performed on the first eye, and in 1 case it developed before any surgery was done. The ages at onset of the syndrome in the second eye ranged from 2 to 8 years. None of the children had any evidence of systemic illness or local orbital disease to explain an acquired Brown's syndrome. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is the first reported series of cases of bilateral Brown's syndrome that manifested sequentially in the eyes with no known causes for an acquired syndrome in the second eye. This finding supports the premise that congenital and acquired Brown's syndrome are on a continuum with a common pathophysiology of restriction of free movement of the superior oblique tendon in the trochlea.
Subject(s)
Ocular Motility Disorders/congenital , Ocular Motility Disorders/etiology , Child , Child, Preschool , Eye Movements/physiology , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Ocular Motility Disorders/diagnosis , Ocular Motility Disorders/surgery , Oculomotor Muscles/physiopathology , Oculomotor Muscles/surgery , Sensory Deprivation , Syndrome , Tendon Transfer , Vision, Binocular , Visual AcuityABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To describe the treatment effects and side effects of different modalities of focal treatment used for retinoblastoma. METHODS: Green (532-nm) laser, continuous wave Nd:YAG (1064-nm) laser, transpupillary or transcleral (810-nm) laser, and cryotherapy were used in the treatment of 46 eyes in 35 patients affected with retinoblastoma. The number of treatment sessions and the amount of energy applied were recorded in an attempt to determine the amount of energy required to adequately treat tumors of various sizes. In addition, we have attempted to determine when treatment becomes overtreatment and is likely to lead to complications. RESULTS: The treatment endpoint for laser in this study was calcific, gliotic, or flat scars. Small tumors (<2 mm in height, <4 DD) were successfully treated in 3 or fewer sessions of 532-nm laser. Anterior small tumors were successfully treated with transcleral 810-nm laser or cryotherapy. Medium tumors, between 2.0 and 4.0 mm in thickness, required 2 to 9 treatments to achieve a good response and often required the addition of chemotherapy to reduce the size of the tumor before or during laser treatment. Large tumors required chemotherapy combined with many laser treatments for complete control. Complications associated with excessive laser were vitreous condensation with traction, vitreous hemorrhage, retinal detachment, tumor break, cataract formation, and iris burns. CONCLUSION: Laser treatment alone for small tumors, and combined with cryotherapy and chemotherapy for larger tumors, is effective in the treatment of retinoblastoma. Complications of focal therapy can most often be avoided by using the minimal effective laser power.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Cryotherapy/methods , Laser Coagulation/methods , Retinal Neoplasms/therapy , Retinoblastoma/therapy , Combined Modality Therapy , Humans , Infant , Pupil , Retinal Neoplasms/pathology , Retinoblastoma/pathology , Retrospective Studies , Sclera , Severity of Illness Index , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Our purpose was to determine the visual prognosis of retinal telangiectasia (Coats' disease). METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of 35 patients with Coats' disease seen at the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada between 1987 and 1996. Ten patients were excluded because of incomplete records. Treatment modalities consisted of no treatment, cryotherapy with and without 532 nm laser through the indirect ophthalmoscope, and enucleation. Visual outcome was determined where possible. RESULTS: Median follow-up was 4.5 years. Deterioration in visual acuity was associated with the presence of greater than 5 clock hours of involved retina and retinal detachment at diagnosis. Final visual acuity did not correlate with age of onset of disease. No eye treated with cryotherapy progressed to retinal detachment. CONCLUSIONS: Aggressive treatment of Coats' disease with cryotherapy with or without 532 nm laser, before retinal detachment, is likely to stabilize vision and decrease the risk of future total retinal detachment.
Subject(s)
Cryotherapy , Laser Coagulation , Retinal Diseases/surgery , Telangiectasis/surgery , Visual Acuity , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Exudates and Transudates , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Prognosis , Retinal Detachment/prevention & control , Retinal Diseases/physiopathology , Retinal Vessels/abnormalities , Retinal Vessels/pathology , Telangiectasis/physiopathology , Visual Acuity/physiologyABSTRACT
We assessed visual function after recovery from optic neuritis in 15 consecutive patients using five objective tests: colour vision testing with Ishihara colour plates and with D15 colour desaturated spots, Humphrey automated perimetry, contrast acuity testing with Regan letter charts and testing of visual evoked response (VER). Recovery of visual function was not found to be dependent on presenting Snellen visual acuity or treatment with oral steroids. The most sensitive measures of residual visual deficit were mean defect on automated perimetry, low-contrast acuity and VER.
