ABSTRACT
Selection trials in plant and animal breeding, in incomplete blocks, are described by linear models with random effect parameters associated with treatments with known genetic covariance structure. It is now well known that the information on relatives can improve the analysis and many extensions of this model have been proposed, but no studies have been done on the consequences of this genetical relatedness among treatments for the optimality of block designs. Using a suitable optimality criterion, we show that the knowledge on relatedness may imply that the optimal design is not in the class of designs which are optimal for unrelated treatments. Implications for practical applications are discussed.
Subject(s)
Breeding/methods , Models, Genetic , Plants/genetics , Selection, Genetic , Animals , Linear Models , Pedigree , Research DesignABSTRACT
This study was carried out in order to evaluate parasitism, search and dispersal capacities of the parasitoid Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cresson), introduced through an open rearing system consisting of sorghum plants, with Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) as host. Aphis gossypii Glover was the target pest on potted sweet pepper plants in greenhouse. The percentage parasitism of A. gossypii was determined at nine distances varying from 0.5 - 3.35 m from the point when the open rearing system was introduced. The daily displacement of the parasitoid was measured by taking a sample at each of the nine distances every day during a period of five days. The parasitoid found all the colonies on the first day, with parasitism ranging from 5 to 13 percent. The percentage parasitism increased over time. On the fifth day, the sweet pepper plants placed at 0.5 and 1.0 m from the open rearing system showed 59 and 49 percent of parasitism, respectively, and at the largest distance (3.35 m) parasitism was 44 percent. The sorghum open rearing system appeared easy to manage and feasible for releasing the parasitoid L. testaceipes in greenhouse and the parasitoid showed capable of covering distances of at least 3.35 m during 24h.
Este trabalho teve como objetivos estudar a capacidade de busca, dispersão e o parasitismo de Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cresson), introduzido através de um sistema de criação aberta, constituído por uma planta de Sorghum bicolor (L.), tendo Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) como hospedeiro. Plantas de pimentão foram infestadas com Aphis gossypii Glover, praga-alvo, em casa-de-vegetação. A porcentagem de parasitismo em A. gossypii foi determinada nas nove distâncias, que variaram de 0,5 - 3,35 m do ponto onde estava o sistema de criação aberta. A distância percorrida pelo parasitóide foi medida através de amostras retiradas durante cinco dias em cada uma das nove distâncias. Todas as colônias foram encontradas no primeiro dia, com o parasitismo variando de 5 a 13 por cento. O parasitismo foi crescente durante o período avaliado, sendo que, no quinto dia, as plantas de pimentão situadas a 0,5 e 1,0 m do sistema de criação aberta apresentaram 59 e 49 por cento, respectivamente, de parasitismo e na maior distância (3,35 m), de 44 por cento. O parasitóide L. testaceipes foi capaz de percorrer 3,35 m em 24h. O sistema de criação aberta de sorgo mostrou-se de fácil manejo e viável para a liberação do parasitóide L. testaceipes em casa-de-vegetação.
