ABSTRACT
Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a well-recognized complication of drug therapies for bone metabolic disorders or cancer related to administration of antiresorptive (bisphosphonates and denosumab) and antiangiogenic drugs. This report describes an advanced and unusual case of stage III peri-implantitis-induced MRONJ involving the right upper jaw which was attempting to self-exfoliate. A 61-year-old male patient, rehabilitated with the placement of two implants when he was still healthy, was suffering from metastatic renal cancer previously treated with bevacizumab, interleukin-2, zoledronic acid, denosumab, cabozantinib and nivolumab. He had been under treatment of nonsurgical therapy over a year, based on antibiotic and antiseptic mouth rinse, without improvement of oral conditions. Surgical treatment consisted of massive sequestrectomy and complete surgical debridement of necrotic bone tissues. The specimen was sent for histopathologic analysis, which confirmed bone tissue necrosis with no evidence of metastatic disease. Two-month follow-up revealed a considerable life quality improvement. Although this complication is well known, the uniqueness of this case is given by its severity, related to the administration of multiple antiresorptive and antiangiogenic drugs, by the natural response of the oral cavity with the almost complete self-exfoliation of the massive necrotic zone. This case is emblematic in highlighting the controversies in the management of MRONJ, which certainly require effective collaboration of the multidisciplinary health care team that could improve patient safety and reduce the risk of developing MRONJ.
ABSTRACT
We present a fascinating experimental investigation of the formation, stability and thermal patterns of evaporating liquid lenses deposited on an evaporating or non-evaporating liquid pool. The use of infra-red allowed measuring the key parameters of the lens and the pool surface temperature. We unveil the significant interaction of the lens with the underlying liquid in the pool. In particular, the contact line of the lens is deformed very significantly and we ascribe this to the combined buoyancy-thermocapillary convection cells on the surface of the liquid pool, generated by a self-induced evaporative cooling effect. We also demonstrate that the evaporative cooling is ultimately responsible for the formation of the lens, which otherwise would have not formed at ambient temperature. The depth of the pool is shown to be very influential on the stability of the volatile lens and its dynamics.
ABSTRACT
Marangoni-driven instabilities of a liquid-vapor interface of ethanol formed in a horizontally oriented capillary tube of 600 microm diameter are described. Instabilities of the interface are reported as well as instabilities of the liquid flow underneath the meniscus. The experimental results consist of visual observation of the interface, microscale particle image velocimetry measurements of the liquid flow and ir temperature measurements of the interface. The instabilities are found in both the flow structure and the interfacial temperature which present a periodic oscillatory pattern with a characteristic frequency of about 5 Hz. The interface also oscillates periodically, having a characteristic frequency of about 1.4 Hz. The differential evaporative cooling along the extended meniscus in the triple-line region produces a temperature difference which sustains the liquid-thermocapillary Marangoni-driven convection. A linear stability analysis based on a one-sided model, modified to take into account evaporation, is used to show that the self-induced temperature difference at the triple-line region is responsible for the observed interfacial instabilities. The instabilities in the flow pattern are due to competition between the surface tension driving force and gravity and are also found to be influenced by the meniscus instabilities.
