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1.
RNA Biol ; 18(12): 2218-2225, 2021 12.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33966602

ABSTRACT

Early detection of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been proven crucial during the efforts to mitigate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Several diagnostic methods have emerged in the past few months, each with different shortcomings and limitations. The current gold standard, RT-qPCR using fluorescent probes, relies on demanding equipment requirements plus the high costs of the probes and specific reaction mixes. To broaden the possibilities of reagents and thermocyclers that could be allocated towards this task, we have optimized an alternative strategy for RT-qPCR diagnosis. This is based on a widely used DNA-intercalating dye and can be implemented with several different qPCR reagents and instruments. Remarkably, the proposed qPCR method performs similarly to the broadly used TaqMan-based detection, in terms of specificity and sensitivity, thus representing a reliable tool. We think that, through enabling the use of vast range of thermocycler models and laboratory facilities for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis, the alternative proposed here can increase dramatically the testing capability, especially in countries with limited access to costly technology and reagents.


Subject(s)
Benzothiazoles/chemistry , COVID-19 Nucleic Acid Testing/methods , COVID-19/diagnosis , Diamines/chemistry , Intercalating Agents/chemistry , Quinolines/chemistry , RNA, Viral/genetics , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , SARS-CoV-2/genetics , COVID-19/virology , COVID-19 Nucleic Acid Testing/standards , DNA/analysis , DNA/biosynthesis , DNA Primers/chemistry , DNA Primers/metabolism , Humans , Nasopharynx/virology , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction/standards , Sensitivity and Specificity
2.
J Cell Biol ; 219(9)2020 09 07.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32673398

ABSTRACT

In mammals, argonaute (AGO) proteins have been characterized for their roles in small RNA-mediated posttranscriptional and also in transcriptional gene silencing. Here, we report a different role for AGO1 in estradiol-triggered transcriptional activation in human cells. We show that in MCF-7 mammary gland cells, AGO1 associates with transcriptional enhancers of estrogen receptor α (ERα) and that this association is up-regulated by treating the cells with estrogen (E2), displaying a positive correlation with the activation of these enhancers. Moreover, we show that AGO1 interacts with ERα and that this interaction is also increased by E2 treatment, but occurs in the absence of RNA. We show that AGO1 acts positively as a coactivator in estradiol-triggered transcription regulation by promoting ERα binding to its enhancers. Consistently, AGO1 depletion decreases long-range contacts between ERα enhancers and their target promoters. Our results point to a role of AGO1 in transcriptional regulation in human cells that is independent from small RNA binding.


Subject(s)
Argonaute Proteins/genetics , Estrogens/genetics , Eukaryotic Initiation Factors/genetics , Transcription Factors/genetics , Transcription, Genetic/genetics , Transcriptional Activation/genetics , Cell Line , Cell Line, Tumor , Enhancer Elements, Genetic/genetics , Estradiol/genetics , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/genetics , HEK293 Cells , Humans , MCF-7 Cells , Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics , Protein Binding/genetics
3.
Environ Res ; 140: 185-90, 2015 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25863591

ABSTRACT

Alternative pre-mRNA splicing plays key roles in determining tissue- and species-specific cell differentiation as well as in the onset of hereditary disease and cancer, being controlled by multiple post- and co-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms. We report here that airborne particulate matter, resulting from industrial pollution, inhibits expression and specifically affects alternative splicing at the 5' untranslated region of the mRNA encoding the bone morphogenetic protein BMP4 in human colon cells in culture. These effects are consistent with a previously reported role for BMP4 in preventing colon cancer development, suggesting that ingestion of particulate matter could contribute to the onset of colon cell proliferation. We also show that the underlying mechanism might involve changes in transcriptional elongation. This is the first study to demonstrate that particulate matter causes non-pleiotropic changes in alternative splicing.


Subject(s)
Alternative Splicing/drug effects , Colonic Neoplasms/pathology , Particulate Matter/pharmacology , RNA Precursors/genetics , RNA, Messenger/genetics , Base Sequence , Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4/genetics , Cell Line, Tumor , Colonic Neoplasms/genetics , DNA Primers , HEK293 Cells , Humans , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
4.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A ; 111(44): 15622-9, 2014 Nov 04.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25313066

ABSTRACT

The roles of Argonaute proteins in cytoplasmic microRNA and RNAi pathways are well established. However, their implication in small RNA-mediated transcriptional gene silencing in the mammalian cell nucleus is less understood. We have recently shown that intronic siRNAs cause chromatin modifications that inhibit RNA polymerase II elongation and modulate alternative splicing in an Argonaute-1 (AGO1)-dependent manner. Here we used chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by deep sequencing (ChIP-seq) to investigate the genome-wide distribution of AGO1 nuclear targets. Unexpectedly, we found that about 80% of AGO1 clusters are associated with cell-type-specific transcriptional enhancers, most of them (73%) overlapping active enhancers. This association seems to be mediated by long, rather than short, enhancer RNAs and to be more prominent in intragenic, rather than intergenic, enhancers. Paradoxically, crossing ChIP-seq with RNA-seq data upon AGO1 depletion revealed that enhancer-bound AGO1 is not linked to the global regulation of gene transcription but to the control of constitutive and alternative splicing, which was confirmed by an individual gene analysis explaining how AGO1 controls inclusion levels of the cassette exon 107 in the SYNE2 gene.


Subject(s)
Alternative Splicing/physiology , Argonaute Proteins/metabolism , Enhancer Elements, Genetic/physiology , Eukaryotic Initiation Factors/metabolism , Gene Expression Regulation/physiology , RNA/metabolism , Transcription, Genetic/physiology , Argonaute Proteins/genetics , Cell Line , Eukaryotic Initiation Factors/genetics , Humans , RNA/genetics , Sequence Analysis, RNA
5.
Biochim Biophys Acta ; 1829(1): 134-40, 2013 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22975042

ABSTRACT

Alternative splicing has emerged as a key contributor to proteome diversity, highlighting the importance of understanding its regulation. In recent years it became apparent that splicing is predominantly cotranscriptional, allowing for crosstalk between these two nuclear processes. We discuss some of the links between transcription and splicing, with special emphasis on the role played by transcription elongation in the regulation of alternative splicing events and in particular the kinetic model of alternative splicing regulation. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: RNA polymerase II Transcript Elongation.


Subject(s)
Alternative Splicing/physiology , Transcription Elongation, Genetic/physiology , Alternative Splicing/genetics , Animals , Chromatin/chemistry , Chromatin/metabolism , Chromatin/physiology , Humans , Kinetics , Models, Biological , Protein Binding/physiology , RNA Polymerase II/metabolism , RNA Polymerase II/physiology
6.
Nat Struct Mol Biol ; 16(7): 717-24, 2009 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19543290

ABSTRACT

When targeting promoter regions, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) trigger a previously proposed pathway known as transcriptional gene silencing by promoting heterochromatin formation. Here we show that siRNAs targeting intronic or exonic sequences close to an alternative exon regulate the splicing of that exon. The effect occurred in hepatoma and HeLa cells with siRNA antisense strands designed to enter the silencing pathway, suggesting hybridization with nascent pre-mRNA. Unexpectedly, in HeLa cells the sense strands were also effective, suggesting that an endogenous antisense transcript, detectable in HeLa but not in hepatoma cells, acts as a target. The effect depends on Argonaute-1 and is counterbalanced by factors favoring chromatin opening or transcriptional elongation. The increase in heterochromatin marks (dimethylation at Lys9 and trimethylation at Lys27 of histone H3) at the target site, the need for the heterochromatin-associated protein HP1alpha and the reduction in RNA polymerase II processivity suggest a mechanism involving the kinetic coupling of transcription and alternative splicing.


Subject(s)
Alternative Splicing , RNA Interference , RNA, Small Interfering , Transcription, Genetic , Animals , Argonaute Proteins , Base Sequence , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism , Chromobox Protein Homolog 5 , Epigenesis, Genetic , Eukaryotic Initiation Factors , Exons , Fibronectins/genetics , Fibronectins/metabolism , Gene Knockdown Techniques , HeLa Cells , Heterochromatin/genetics , Heterochromatin/metabolism , Histones/genetics , Histones/metabolism , Humans , Liver Neoplasms/genetics , Liver Neoplasms/metabolism , Lysine/metabolism , Male , Methylation , Mice , Oligonucleotides, Antisense/genetics , Oligonucleotides, Antisense/metabolism , Promoter Regions, Genetic , RNA Polymerase II/genetics , RNA Polymerase II/metabolism , RNA, Small Interfering/genetics , RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism , Ribonuclease III/genetics , Ribonuclease III/metabolism
7.
Exp Cell Res ; 282(1): 35-47, 2003 Jan 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12490192

ABSTRACT

Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is a multifunctional glycoprotein that displays multiple biological activities in different cell types, but to date there has been no report on its expression in the normal mammary gland. In this study we found that LIF is expressed at low but detectable levels in postpubertal, adult virgin, and pregnant mouse mammary glands. However, LIF expression drops after parturition to become almost undetectable in lactating glands. Interestingly, LIF expression shows a steep increase shortly after weaning that is maintained for the following 3 days. During this period, known as the first stage of mammary gland involution, the lack of suckling induces local factors that cause extensive epithelial cell death. It has been shown that Stat3 is the main factor in signaling the initiation of apoptosis, but the mechanism of its activation remains unclear. Herein, we show that LIF expression in the gland is induced by milk stasis and not by the decrease of circulating lactogenic hormones after weaning. Implantation of LIF containing pellets in lactating glands results in a significant increase in epithelium apoptosis. In addition, this treatment also induces Stat3 phosphorylation. We conclude that LIF regulated expression in the mouse mammary gland may play a relevant role during the first stage of mammary gland involution. Our results also show that LIF-induced mammary epithelium apoptosis could be mediated, at least partially, by Stat3 activation.


Subject(s)
Apoptosis/physiology , Epithelial Cells/metabolism , Growth Inhibitors/metabolism , Interleukin-6 , Lactation/physiology , Lymphokines/metabolism , Mammary Glands, Animal/metabolism , Animals , Apoptosis/drug effects , DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism , Epithelial Cells/cytology , Epithelial Cells/drug effects , Estrous Cycle/physiology , Female , Glucocorticoids/metabolism , Glucocorticoids/pharmacology , Growth Inhibitors/genetics , Growth Inhibitors/pharmacology , Lactation/drug effects , Leukemia Inhibitory Factor , Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Receptor alpha Subunit , Lymphokines/genetics , Lymphokines/pharmacology , Mammary Glands, Animal/cytology , Mammary Glands, Animal/drug effects , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB C , RNA, Messenger/drug effects , RNA, Messenger/metabolism , Receptors, Cytokine/genetics , Receptors, OSM-LIF , STAT3 Transcription Factor , Trans-Activators/metabolism
8.
Breast Cancer Res Treat ; 75(3): 191-202, 2002 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12353808

ABSTRACT

In order to study mechanisms of progression of mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV)-induced pregnancy-dependent mammary lesions, we removed and serially transplanted 17 small tumors detected in MMTV-infected pregnant females. This gave rise to the same number of 'in vivo' tumor lines. Hormone-dependency of the passages was determined by comparing tumor development in multiparous versus virgin hosts. We found that the first passages of most of these lesions (11/17) required pregnancy to grow. However, all these tumor lines lost their hormone-dependence through successive passages. The original pregnancy-dependent lesions were mostly multiclonal and showed high levels of estrogen and progesterone receptors. Alternatively, pregnancy-independent tumors arose as clonal dominant populations exhibiting a lower hormone receptor content. Our data show that the progression of hormone-dependent MMTV-induced mammary tumors is an irreversible process associated with the appearance of additional MMTV insertional events as well as alterations in the composition of the tumor cell population.


Subject(s)
Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/virology , Mammary Tumor Virus, Mouse/pathogenicity , Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent/virology , Pregnancy, Animal , Animals , DNA, Neoplasm/metabolism , Disease Progression , Estrogens/metabolism , Female , Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism , Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Neoplasm Transplantation , Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent/metabolism , Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent/pathology , Pregnancy , Progesterone/metabolism , Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism , Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism
9.
Medicina [B.Aires] ; 57(Supl.2): 21-33, Ago. 1997.
Article in Spanish | BINACIS | ID: bin-7443

ABSTRACT

Hosts and their pathogens have co-evolved for millions of years, developing multiple and intimate interactions. Vertebrates have evolved a very complex immune system which pathogens have often been able to circumvent, in some cases even managing to appropriate some of its components for their own purpose. Among the pathogens which do use components of the immune system to survive and propagate, those coding for the expression of superantigens (SAgs) are now under intense scrutiny. Investigations concerning one of these pathogens, the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV), led to the understanding of how the expression of such components is a critical step in their life cycle. A number of milk-borne exogenous MMTV infect mice shortly after birth and, when expressed, produce superantigens. Herein, we describe the biological effects of new variants of MMTV. Two of these, BALB14 and BALB2 encoding SAgs with V beta 14+ and V beta 2+ specificities, respectively, were present in BALB/c mice of our colony (BALB/cT); a third variant, termed MMTV LA, originated in (BALB/cTxAKR)F1 mice from recombination between BALB 14 and Mtv-7 endogenous provirus. The recombinant LA virus induces the deletion of V beta 6+ and V beta 8.1+ T cells as a consequence of the acquisition of SAg hypervariable coding region of Mtv-7. The SAg encoded by MMTV LA strongly stimulates cognate T cells in vivo leading to a very effective amplification of lymphoid cells in BALB/c mice, correlating with a high incidence of mammary tumors. These results suggest that the presence of non-productive endogenous proviruses--generally considered to confer a selective advantage to the host by protecting it from infection with exogenous MMTVs encoding cross-reactive SAgs--could also be advantageous for the pathogen by increasing its variability, thus broadening the host range and allowing the expansion of highly tumorigenic variants.(Au)


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Mice , RESEARCH SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOVT , Retroviridae Infections/immunology , Superantigens/immunology , Tumor Virus Infections/immunology , Gammaretrovirus/immunology , Disease Susceptibility/immunology , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Genome, Viral , Mice, Inbred BALB C , RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase , Retroviridae Infections/genetics , Tumor Virus Infections/genetics , Gammaretrovirus/genetics , Virus Integration/genetics , Virus Integration/immunology
10.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 57(Supl.2): 21-33, Aug. 1997.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-320011

ABSTRACT

Hosts and their pathogens have co-evolved for millions of years, developing multiple and intimate interactions. Vertebrates have evolved a very complex immune system which pathogens have often been able to circumvent, in some cases even managing to appropriate some of its components for their own purpose. Among the pathogens which do use components of the immune system to survive and propagate, those coding for the expression of superantigens (SAgs) are now under intense scrutiny. Investigations concerning one of these pathogens, the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV), led to the understanding of how the expression of such components is a critical step in their life cycle. A number of milk-borne exogenous MMTV infect mice shortly after birth and, when expressed, produce superantigens. Herein, we describe the biological effects of new variants of MMTV. Two of these, BALB14 and BALB2 encoding SAgs with V beta 14+ and V beta 2+ specificities, respectively, were present in BALB/c mice of our colony (BALB/cT); a third variant, termed MMTV LA, originated in (BALB/cTxAKR)F1 mice from recombination between BALB 14 and Mtv-7 endogenous provirus. The recombinant LA virus induces the deletion of V beta 6+ and V beta 8.1+ T cells as a consequence of the acquisition of SAg hypervariable coding region of Mtv-7. The SAg encoded by MMTV LA strongly stimulates cognate T cells in vivo leading to a very effective amplification of lymphoid cells in BALB/c mice, correlating with a high incidence of mammary tumors. These results suggest that the presence of non-productive endogenous proviruses--generally considered to confer a selective advantage to the host by protecting it from infection with exogenous MMTVs encoding cross-reactive SAgs--could also be advantageous for the pathogen by increasing its variability, thus broadening the host range and allowing the expansion of highly tumorigenic variants.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Mice , Retroviridae Infections/immunology , Tumor Virus Infections/immunology , Superantigens/immunology , Gammaretrovirus/immunology , Disease Susceptibility , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Genome, Viral , Retroviridae Infections/genetics , Tumor Virus Infections/genetics , Virus Integration/genetics , Virus Integration/immunology , Mice, Inbred BALB C , RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase , Gammaretrovirus/genetics
11.
Medicina [B.Aires] ; 57(3): 327-31, 1997. tab, gra
Article in Spanish | BINACIS | ID: bin-19306

ABSTRACT

En este trabajo se describen los efectos biológicos de nuevas variantes virales de MMTV exógenos. Una de ellas denominada BALB14 está presente en la cepa BALB/c e induce un bajo porcentaje de adecarcinomas mamarios. Otra de ellas, (MMTV-7) se originó por recombinación entre BALB14 y transcriptos derivados del provirus endógeno Mtv-7. El desarrollo de una línea de ratones BALB/c infectada con ambas variantes virales a través del amamantamiento con una nodriza F1 (BABL/cxAKR) en la que surge el MMTV-7, permitió demonstrar que el virus recombinante - que expressa el SAg del provirus endógeno - es amplificado en los huéspedes BALB/c y resulta en ellos altamente tumorigénico. Se discute el rol de la adquisición de superantígenos estimulatorios en la amplificación del virus recombinante. Los resultados obtenidos permiten hipotetizar que la presencia en el genoma del ratón de provirus endógenos no productivos - considerada hasta ahora como protectora frente a la infección con virus MMTV exógenos - oferecía además ventajas selectivas para el virus al aumentar su variabilidad poblacional, permitiendo así la ampliación del rango de huéspedes susceptibles y la expanción de variantes con alta patogenicidad. (AU)


Subject(s)
Mice , In Vitro Techniques , Animals , RESEARCH SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOVT , Mammary Tumor Virus, Mouse/immunology , Superantigens , Retroviridae Infections/immunology , Carcinogenicity Tests , Tumor Virus Infections/immunology , Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology , Recombination, Genetic , Mice, Inbred BALB C
12.
Medicina [B.Aires] ; 57(2): 235-44, 1997.
Article in Spanish | BINACIS | ID: bin-20236

ABSTRACT

El virus del tumor mamario murino (MMTV) se considera actualmente un modelo de interés para investigar los mecanismos co-evolutivos entre los retrovirus y sus huéspedes. El MMTV es un retrovirus de tipo B que se transmite a través de la leche e induce adenocarcinomas mamarios por activación insercional de proto-oncogenes celulares. Existen também formas endógenas de estos virus integrados permanetemente en el genoma del ratón. Estos provirus se consideran el resultado de la infección de células de la línea germinal ocurridas en los últimos 4 a 5 millones de años. El marco de lectura abierto presente en el LTR 3de los virus integrados codifica para un superantígeno (SAg) que es capaz de estimular una gran proporción de células T que comparaten la región variable de la cadena beta del TCR. La expresión de este SAg es crítica para el ciclo de vida del virus. Cuando un MMTV exógeno infecta al huésped, las células B resultan infectadas tempranamente y expresan el SAg viral. Las células T reactivas al SAg son reclutadas para responder al mismo y, como consecuencia, tanto las células T reactivas como los linfocitos B infectados se activan y comienzan a proliferar. Este hecho facilita la integración del MMTV y el incremento del número de linfocitos infectados, dando lugar a un importante aumento en la carga viral. Los linfocitos transfieren los virus a la glándula mamaria en la cual, bajo la influencia de hormonas esteroideas, se produce una gran amplificación de la carga viral. Se ha hipotetizado que la presencia de provirus Mtv endómenos conferiría una ventaja selectiva a la problación murina, ya que al inducir la deleción clonal temprana de las células T reactivas a los mismos, protegería al huésped de la infección con un virus exógeno que codifique para un SAg con reactividad cruzada. Sin embargo, resultados recientes discutidos en este trabajo sugieren que los provirus Mtv pueden resultar desventajosos para la población murina ya que son capaces de recombinar con variantes exógenas, dando lugar a partículas virales altamente tumorigénicas. Estos resultados se discuten en relación a trabajos recientes que sugieren la participación de secuencias virales altamente homólogas a los virus MMTV en la carcinogénesis mamaria humana. (AU)


Subject(s)
Mice , In Vitro Techniques , Animals , RESEARCH SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOVT , Retroviridae/genetics , Retroviridae/immunology , Mammary Tumor Virus, Mouse/genetics , Mammary Tumor Virus, Mouse/immunology , Disease Models, Animal , Biological Evolution
13.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 57(3): 327-31, 1997. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-209650

ABSTRACT

En este trabajo se describen los efectos biológicos de nuevas variantes virales de MMTV exógenos. Una de ellas denominada BALB14 está presente en la cepa BALB/c e induce un bajo porcentaje de adecarcinomas mamarios. Otra de ellas, (MMTV-7) se originó por recombinación entre BALB14 y transcriptos derivados del provirus endógeno Mtv-7. El desarrollo de una línea de ratones BALB/c infectada con ambas variantes virales a través del amamantamiento con una nodriza F1 (BABL/cxAKR) en la que surge el MMTV-7, permitió demonstrar que el virus recombinante - que expressa el SAg del provirus endógeno - es amplificado en los huéspedes BALB/c y resulta en ellos altamente tumorigénico. Se discute el rol de la adquisición de superantígenos estimulatorios en la amplificación del virus recombinante. Los resultados obtenidos permiten hipotetizar que la presencia en el genoma del ratón de provirus endógenos no productivos - considerada hasta ahora como protectora frente a la infección con virus MMTV exógenos - oferecía además ventajas selectivas para el virus al aumentar su variabilidad poblacional, permitiendo así la ampliación del rango de huéspedes susceptibles y la expanción de variantes con alta patogenicidad.


Subject(s)
Mice , Animals , Carcinogenicity Tests , In Vitro Techniques , Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology , Mammary Tumor Virus, Mouse/immunology , Retroviridae Infections/immunology , Superantigens , Tumor Virus Infections/immunology , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Recombination, Genetic
14.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 57(2): 235-44, 1997.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-201857

ABSTRACT

El virus del tumor mamario murino (MMTV) se considera actualmente un modelo de interés para investigar los mecanismos co-evolutivos entre los retrovirus y sus huéspedes. El MMTV es un retrovirus de tipo B que se transmite a través de la leche e induce adenocarcinomas mamarios por activación insercional de proto-oncogenes celulares. Existen também formas endógenas de estos virus integrados permanetemente en el genoma del ratón. Estos provirus se consideran el resultado de la infección de células de la línea germinal ocurridas en los últimos 4 a 5 millones de años. El marco de lectura abierto presente en el LTR 3'de los virus integrados codifica para un superantígeno (SAg) que es capaz de estimular una gran proporción de células T que comparaten la región variable de la cadena beta del TCR. La expresión de este SAg es crítica para el ciclo de vida del virus. Cuando un MMTV exógeno infecta al huésped, las células B resultan infectadas tempranamente y expresan el SAg viral. Las células T reactivas al SAg son reclutadas para responder al mismo y, como consecuencia, tanto las células T reactivas como los linfocitos B infectados se activan y comienzan a proliferar. Este hecho facilita la integración del MMTV y el incremento del número de linfocitos infectados, dando lugar a un importante aumento en la carga viral. Los linfocitos transfieren los virus a la glándula mamaria en la cual, bajo la influencia de hormonas esteroideas, se produce una gran amplificación de la carga viral. Se ha hipotetizado que la presencia de provirus Mtv endómenos conferiría una ventaja selectiva a la problación murina, ya que al inducir la deleción clonal temprana de las células T reactivas a los mismos, protegería al huésped de la infección con un virus exógeno que codifique para un SAg con reactividad cruzada. Sin embargo, resultados recientes discutidos en este trabajo sugieren que los provirus Mtv pueden resultar desventajosos para la población murina ya que son capaces de recombinar con variantes exógenas, dando lugar a partículas virales altamente tumorigénicas. Estos resultados se discuten en relación a trabajos recientes que sugieren la participación de secuencias virales altamente homólogas a los virus MMTV en la carcinogénesis mamaria humana.


Subject(s)
Mice , Animals , Biological Evolution , Disease Models, Animal , In Vitro Techniques , Mammary Tumor Virus, Mouse/genetics , Mammary Tumor Virus, Mouse/immunology , Retroviridae/genetics , Retroviridae/immunology
15.
Medicina [B.Aires] ; 55(1): 45-7, 1995. ilus, graf
Article in English | BINACIS | ID: bin-23565

ABSTRACT

Se ha demostrado que los virus exógenos del tumor mamario murino (MMTV) transmitidos por leche, inducen la expresión de diferentes superantígenos en los huéspedes infectados. Cada uno de estos superantígenos es capaz de inducir la deleción clonal progresiva de las células T portadoras de determinados elementos Vß de su receptor (TCR). En este trabajo se describe la existencia de una alteración en el repertorio T de los ratones BALB/c de una colonia. Dicha alteración, transmitida por vía materna, involucra la deleción de las células T CD4+ que expresan las cadenas Vß2 y Vß14 del TCR y correlaciona con una alta incidencia de tumores de mama. Estos resultados indican la transmisión materna de un superantígeno(s), probablemente asociado a la presencia de virus MMTV en la leche (AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Mice , Pregnancy , T-Lymphocytes/immunology , Mammary Tumor Virus, Mouse/immunology , Gene Expression Regulation, Viral/immunology , Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta , Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/genetics , Mammary Tumor Virus, Mouse/genetics , Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/immunology , Maternal-Fetal Exchange , Mice, Inbred AKR , Mice, Inbred BALB C
16.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 55(1): 45-7, 1995. ilus, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-153960

ABSTRACT

Se ha demostrado que los virus exógenos del tumor mamario murino (MMTV) transmitidos por leche, inducen la expresión de diferentes superantígenos en los huéspedes infectados. Cada uno de estos superantígenos es capaz de inducir la deleción clonal progresiva de las células T portadoras de determinados elementos Vß de su receptor (TCR). En este trabajo se describe la existencia de una alteración en el repertorio T de los ratones BALB/c de una colonia. Dicha alteración, transmitida por vía materna, involucra la deleción de las células T CD4+ que expresan las cadenas Vß2 y Vß14 del TCR y correlaciona con una alta incidencia de tumores de mama. Estos resultados indican la transmisión materna de un superantígeno(s), probablemente asociado a la presencia de virus MMTV en la leche


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Mice , Pregnancy , Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta , Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/genetics , Gene Expression Regulation, Viral/immunology , T-Lymphocytes/immunology , Mammary Tumor Virus, Mouse/immunology , Maternal-Fetal Exchange , Mice, Inbred AKR , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/immunology , Mammary Tumor Virus, Mouse/genetics
17.
Medicina [B.Aires] ; 49(3): 239-46, mayo-jun. 1989. Tab
Article in Spanish | BINACIS | ID: bin-28108

ABSTRACT

Se investigó la existencia de influencias parentales que pudieran afectar el recononcimiento de los antígenos de histocompatibilidad propios en la progenie. Se pudo observar que 1) tanto las células de hígado fetal como los esplenocitos y timocitos de hbridos F1 recién nascidos diferen en su capacidad de regular las reacciones alorreactivas parentales dirigidas a antígenos de histocompatibilidad propios según éstos sean de origen materno o paterno. Son capaces de suprimir - hasta el día 5 después del nacimiento- las reacciones sistémicas y locales de GvH inducidas con células maternas mientras que no suprimen aquellas desencadenadas con células paternas; 2) la falta de actividad supresora correlaciona con la aparición de células tímicas con actividad contrasupresora; 3) los esplenocitos de híbridos F1 adultos recíprocos diferen significativamente en su capacidad para estimular la proliferación de células T en reacciones de cultivo mixto singeneico; 4) el amamantamiento de los híbridos F1 con hembras provenientes de la cepa paterna es capaz de inducir alteraciones permanentes en la capacidad estimulatorra de los esplenocitos; el patrón estimulatorio de los esplenocitos de híbridos anamantados por nodrizas de la cepa híbridos F1 recíprocos adultos diferen en su respuesta a antígenos convencionales presentados en el contexto de los antígenos la parentales, estando la lactancia centralmente involucrada. Se discuten los posibles mecanismos involucrados (AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Mice , Histocompatibility Antigens/genetics , Immunity, Maternally-Acquired , T-Lymphocytes/physiology , Spleen/cytology , Graft vs Host Reaction/immunology , Gene Pool , Histocompatibility Antigens/immunology , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Mice, Inbred AKR , Mice, Inbred DBA
18.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 49(3): 239-46, mayo-jun. 1989. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-86676

ABSTRACT

Se investigó la existencia de influencias parentales que pudieran afectar el recononcimiento de los antígenos de histocompatibilidad propios en la progenie. Se pudo observar que 1) tanto las células de hígado fetal como los esplenocitos y timocitos de hbridos F1 recién nascidos diferen en su capacidad de regular las reacciones alorreactivas parentales dirigidas a antígenos de histocompatibilidad propios según éstos sean de origen materno o paterno. Son capaces de suprimir - hasta el día 5 después del nacimiento- las reacciones sistémicas y locales de GvH inducidas con células maternas mientras que no suprimen aquellas desencadenadas con células paternas; 2) la falta de actividad supresora correlaciona con la aparición de células tímicas con actividad contrasupresora; 3) los esplenocitos de híbridos F1 adultos recíprocos diferen significativamente en su capacidad para estimular la proliferación de células T en reacciones de cultivo mixto singeneico; 4) el amamantamiento de los híbridos F1 con hembras provenientes de la cepa paterna es capaz de inducir alteraciones permanentes en la capacidad estimulatorra de los esplenocitos; el patrón estimulatorio de los esplenocitos de híbridos anamantados por nodrizas de la cepa híbridos F1 recíprocos adultos diferen en su respuesta a antígenos convencionales presentados en el contexto de los antígenos la parentales, estando la lactancia centralmente involucrada. Se discuten los posibles mecanismos involucrados


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Mice , Graft vs Host Reaction/immunology , Histocompatibility Antigens/genetics , Immunity, Maternally-Acquired , Spleen/cytology , T-Lymphocytes/physiology , Gene Pool , Histocompatibility Antigens/immunology , Mice, Inbred AKR , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Mice, Inbred DBA
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