ABSTRACT
We compared alpha diversity indices of the intestinal microbiota in adolescents with obesity and normal body weight, taking into account their ethnicity. Intestinal biocenosis was studied by metasequencing of amplicon libraries of V3-V4 fragments of the 16S rRNA gene. The alpha diversity of the microbiota was assessed using classical and alternative indices. Statistically significant differences in intestinal microbiota were observed between Russians with obesity and Buryats with normal body weight, as well as between Russians with obesity and Buryats with obesity when assessing the Shannon-Weaver, Chao1 indices, Faith phylogenetic diversity index, ACE, Fisher, Gini coefficient, Margalef, and Menkhinik indices. It was shown that alpha diversity indices can be used to assess significance of differences and variability of the intestinal microbiota in multifactorial diseases such as obesity in adolescents; however, the scope of application of the criteria should be considered.
Subject(s)
Gastrointestinal Microbiome , Obesity , Phylogeny , RNA, Ribosomal, 16S , Gastrointestinal Microbiome/genetics , Humans , Adolescent , RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics , Male , Female , Obesity/microbiology , Ethnicity/genetics , Feces/microbiology , Russia , Pediatric Obesity/microbiology , Pediatric Obesity/ethnology , Pediatric Obesity/geneticsABSTRACT
The aim of this cross-sectional observational study is to determine the contribution of polymorphisms of energy metabolism genes into metabolic disorders in Russian and Buryat adolescents with overweight and obesity. The study included 354 Russian and Buryat adolescents aged 13-18 years. Body mass index and serum levels of glucose, insulin, and leptin were measured and insulin resistance index HOMA-IR was calculated. Molecular genetic analysis for the presence of 9 loci of energy metabolism genes LEP, LEPR, POMC, FTO, and MC4R were analyzed. It was found that the risk of metabolic disorders is associated with the presence of polymorphic loci of leptin receptor gene LEPR and melanocortin receptor gene MC4R (LEPR rs1137100+LEPR rs1137101 and LEPR rs1137100+MC4R rs17782313) in Russian adolescents with overweight and obesity and polymorphisms of the gene FTO (FTO rs9939609+rs8050136) associated with fat mass and obesity in Buryat adolescents.
Subject(s)
Alpha-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase FTO , Metabolic Diseases , Adolescent , Alpha-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase FTO/genetics , Body Mass Index , Cross-Sectional Studies , Energy Metabolism/genetics , Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics , Genotype , Humans , Metabolic Diseases/genetics , Overweight/genetics , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics , Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4/genetics , Receptors, Leptin/geneticsABSTRACT
Using the model of dark stress caused by animal maintenance at dimmed light we showed that Trametin (product obtained during liquid-phase culturing of Trametes pubescens xylotroph fungi) effectively prevented oxidative stress under conditions of light deprivation. The preparation increased the level of unsaturation of lipids, reduced the concentration of primary and end-products of LPO, and increases both the integral parameter of the antioxidant defense system (total antioxidant activity) and its components (activity of superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione).
Subject(s)
Antioxidants/pharmacology , Complex Mixtures/pharmacology , Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects , Stress, Physiological/drug effects , Trametes/chemistry , Animals , Animals, Suckling , Antioxidants/isolation & purification , Complex Mixtures/isolation & purification , Darkness , Glutathione/blood , Oxidative Stress , Superoxide Dismutase/blood , Swine , Vitamin A/blood , alpha-Tocopherol/bloodABSTRACT
AIM: The objective of the present study was the improvement of the effectiveness of medical rehabilitation of the children presenting with the disturbances of the locomotor function using a «LymphaVision¼ apparatus for the selective electrical stimulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 42 patients with movement disorders divided into two groups depending on the method of non-drug therapy. The main group was comprised of the patients receiving the treatment by electrical stimulation with the use of the «LymphaVision¼ apparatus while the remaining patients made up the group of comparison (they were treated with by means of Vermel electrophoresis with the use of a 1% sodium bromide solution). The increase of the muscular strength evaluated based on the scoring system and the number of motor skills were used as the criteria of the effectiveness of the treatment. The applied Statistica for Windows package, version 6.0 («StatSoft¼, USA). Was employed for the statistical analysis of the data obtained. The significance and number of differences between two independent samples of the quantitative features were assessed using the Mann-Whitney U test. The Wilcoxon matched pairs test was used to compare the two matched groups. RESULTS: The children comprising the group treated by means of selective exposure to electrical stimulation with the use of the «LymphaVision¼ apparatus in the course of the rehabilitation process exhibited a significant increase in the strength of the muscles of the lower extremities and the trunk over the baseline values (p=0.003 and p=0.04 respectively) and acquired a significantly greater number of the new motor skills (p=0.02). CONCLUSION: The application of the proposed method is characterized by the highly pronounced clinical efficiency. This approach is pathogenetically well-substantiated for the treatment of the children presenting with the locomotor disorders developing as the consequences of perinatal lesions in the central nervous system and promotes the restoration of the capabilities of the child's body, such as normalization of the muscle tone, increase of the motor activity and muscle strength.
Subject(s)
Electric Stimulation Therapy/methods , Exercise Therapy/methods , Motor Disorders/rehabilitation , Physical Therapy Modalities , Child , Child, Preschool , Electric Stimulation Therapy/instrumentation , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Motor Skills/physiology , Muscle Strength/physiology , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Electroencephalography investigations were carried out twice in 26 schoolchildren in the age of 7-8 years and in the age of 9-10 years. The control group included healthy children: the research group included children in whom in the age of 7-8 years the normal level of arterial pressure was registered, and in whom in the age of 9-10 years labile arterial hypertension was revealed. It is revealed, that in children of younger school age forming of the labile form of arterial hypertension is connected whit infringement of processes of age changes of intercortical and cortical-subcortical interrelations and forming of rigidly integrated system of interhemispheric relations. Its mechanism of realization is carried out due to hyperactivation of the right hemisphere and it is incorporated on preclinical stage.
Subject(s)
Blood Pressure , Cerebral Cortex/physiopathology , Electroencephalography , Hypertension/physiopathology , Age Factors , Aging , Child , Female , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
Electroencephalography was performed in 7-8- and 9-10-year-old pupils. Control group consisted of healthy children; experimental group consisted of children without signs of grade IV and V sinus arrhythmia at the age of 7-8 years, but with grade IV and V sinus arrhythmia at the age of 9-10 years. In primary school-aged children (7-8 years), manifestation of marked sinus arrhythmia is associated with disturbances in age-specific dynamics of interhemispheric interaction and with the formation, at the initial stage, of a rigid integrated system primarily due to functional intrahemispheric connections, the major contribution being made by the posterior associative cortical areas.
